كليدواژه :
ﻧﻤﻮدار راﺑﻄﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ , ﮐﺎﻫﺶ آﺳﯿﺐﭘﺬﯾﺮي , ﮐﺎرﺑﺮيﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮي , ﺑﺤﺮان زﻟﺰﻟﻪ , ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي ﺷﻬﺮي
چكيده فارسي :
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ: ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ آﺳﯿﺐﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﻬﺮي در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺧﻄﺮ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ، ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾـﺰي ﮐـﺎرﺑﺮي زﻣـﯿﻦ ﺷـﻬﺮي ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮان ﻫﺴﺘﮥ اﺻﻠﯽ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي ﺷﻬﺮي اﺳﺖ. ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ در ﻧﺤﻮة اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از زﻣﯿﻦ در ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﮐﺎﺳﺘﻦ آﺳﯿﺐﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷـﯽ از زﻟﺰﻟـﻪ، ﯾﮑـﯽ از راﻫﮑﺎرﻫـﺎﯾﯽ
اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ آن در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ آﺳﯿﺐﻫﺎي زﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﺛﺒﺎت رﺳﯿﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف: ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي اراﺿﯽ ﺷﻬﺮي ﺑﺎ ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﺿﻮاﯾﻂ و ﻣﻘﺮرات ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪﺑﻨـﺪي )ارﺗﻔـﺎﻋﯽ، ﺗﺮاﮐﻤـﯽ و ﮐـﺎرﮐﺮدي( ﺗﻔﮑﯿـﮏ اراﺿـﯽ، ﺗﺨﺼـﯿﺺ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﻮاع ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ، در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﮐﺎرﺑﺮيﻫﺎ، ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺣﺮﯾﻢ ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎك، اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﮐﺎرﺑﺮيﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺳﺎزﮔﺎر، ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﺿـﻮاﺑﻂ و
ﻣﻘﺮرات در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ و ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺘﺎً ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺑﺤﺮان و ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي ﻣﻄﺮح در آن، ﻗﺎدر ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ آﺳﯿﺐﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﻬﺮي ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. روشﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ: در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﯿﻠﯽ، اﺑﺘﺪا ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي اراﺿﯽ ﺷﻬﺮي ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ آﺳﯿﺐﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷـﯽ از زﻟﺰﻟـﻪ، ﻃﺒﻖ ﺳﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ اﺧﺘﻼط ﮐﺎرﺑﺮيﻫﺎ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽﭘﺬﯾﺮي، ﮐﺜﺮت )ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ( و ﻧﺤﻮهي ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ، ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﻤـﻮدار راﺑﻄﮥ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎ، درﺟﮥ ﻟﺰوم ﻧﺰدﯾﮑﯽ ﻫﺮ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي دﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري، ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﯿﺖ، ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ و واﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ و دﯾﺎﮔﺮام راﺑﻄﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿـﺖﻫـﺎ
ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﮐﺎرﮐﺮد وﯾﮋه اﯾﻦ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮيﻫﺎ )ﺣﯿﻦ و ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺑﺤﺮان(، اﯾﺠﺎد ﻓﻀﺎ و ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي اﺟﺘﻤـﺎع و ﭘﻨـﺎه ﮔـﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺷـﻬﺮوﻧﺪان در ﺣـﯿﻦ وﻗـﻮع ﺣﺎدﺛﻪ و اﻧﺠﺎم ﺗﻤﻬﯿﺪاﺗﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي اﺳﮑﺎن ﺿﺮوري آﺳﯿﺐدﯾﺪﮔﺎن و ... اﺳﺖ. ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮع ﻗﺮارﮔﯿﺮي اﯾﻦ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮيﻫﺎ در ﺷـﻬﺮ و ارﺗﺒـﺎط آنﻫـﺎ ﺑـﺎ
ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮيﻫﺎ، ﮐﺎرآﯾﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ را در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺤﺮان ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از زﻟﺰﻟﻪ، اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮﮔﺎه در ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي اراﺿﯽ ﺷﻬﺮي، ﻫﻤﺠﻮاريﻫﺎ رﻋﺎﯾﺖ ﮔﺮدد و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮيﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺳـﺎزﮔﺎر در ﮐﻨـﺎر ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﻗﺮار داده ﻧﺸﻮﻧﺪ، اﻣﮑﺎن ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺳﺮﯾﻊ اﻓﺮاد و اﻣﺪادرﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اﮔﺮ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮيﻫﺎ در ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﻪﮔﻮﻧﻪاي ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﮐـﻪ ﺳـﺒﺐ ﻋﺪم ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ، ﻣﯽﺗﻮان اﻧﺘﻈﺎر داﺷﺖ آﺳﯿﺐﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺷﻬﺮ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ زﯾﺎدي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction: One of the effective aspects to reduce the vulnerability of urban areas to earthquake risk is urban land use planning as the core of urban planning. Changing the way land is used in cities with the aim of reducing earthquake damage is one of the solutions that has been proven to play an effective role in dealing with earthquake damage. Urban land use planning is able to reduce the vulnerability of urban areas by formulating zoning rules and regulations (elevation, compaction and function) land separation, allocation of sufficient space for various activities, considering the compatibility of uses, determining the boundaries of hazardous areas, transfer of incompatible uses, enforcing rules and regulations about the appropriateness of development, and ultimately predicting the conditions and requirements of the crisis Methodology: In this research, based on the descriptive-analytical method, we first examine the urban land use planning to deal with earthquake damage, according to three indicators of land use mixing, which include accessibility, multiplicity (density) and how distributed. Afterwards, using the activity relationship diagram, the degree of necessity of proximity of each user to another user based on the criteria of compatibility, desirability, capacity and dependence are defined, and the activity relationship diagram is proposed.
Result and Discussion: The special function of these uses (during and after the crisis) is to create a suitable space and place for the community and the citizens to take refugees during the accident and to make appropriate arrangements for the necessary accommodation of the injured people.Paying attention to the location of these land uses in the city and their relationship with other land uses increases the efficiency of the city in the face of an earthquake crisis.
Conclusion: The results show that it is possible to evacuate people quickly and provide relief whenever neighborhoods are observed in determining urban land use and incompatible uses are not placed next to each other. Also, if the land uses in the city are distributed in a way that causes decentralization, it can be expected that the city's vulnerability to earthquakes will be greatly reduced.
