نقش ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺸﺮدﮔﯽ ﺷﻬﺮي در ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ (ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻮردي ﺷﻬﺮ ﻧﮑﺎ)

The Role of Urban Compression in the Realization of Cultural Capital (Case Study: City of Neka)

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ: ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ را ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﯾﮏ داراﯾﯽ ﺗﻠﻘﯽ ﮐﺮد ﮐﻪ ﻣﺠﺴﻢ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه و ذﺧﯿﺮه ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ارزش ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﺑﻌﺎد ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺷﻬﺮي ﭘﺎﯾﺪار اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﺄﮐﯿـﺪ ﺑـﺮ ﻣﻔـﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﮐﯿﻔـﯽ ﺑـﻪ دﻧﺒـﺎل ﺗﺤﻘـﻖ ﻓﻀـﺎﻫﺎي ﺷـﻬﺮي ﭘﺎﯾـﺪار اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ-ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف: اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺸﺮدﮔﯽ ﺷﻬﺮي در ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ در ﺷﻬﺮ ﻧﮑﺎ ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. روشﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ: ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان ﺳﺎﮐﻦ در ﺷﻬﺮ ﻧﮑﺎ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان 381 ﻧﻔﺮ از اﻓﺮاد ﺳﺎﮐﻦ اﯾﻦ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺣﺠـﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺧﻮﺷﻪ اي و ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺳﺎده اﺳﺖ. رواﯾﯽ ﺻﻮري ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻈﺮ اﺳﺘﺎد راﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺎﺋﯿﺪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﺳﻮاﻻت ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ، از آزﻣﻮن آﻟﻔﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮده ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫﺎ از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار SPSS ﺑﺎ ﻧﺴـﺨﻪ 20 اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدﯾـﺪ و داده ﻫﺎ در دو ﻗﺴﻤﺖ آﻣﺎر ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ و آﻣﺎر اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. در ﺑﺨﺶ اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﯽ از آزﻣﻮن K-S، آزﻣﻮن ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﭘﯿﺮﺳـﻮن، آزﻣـﻮن t ﺗـﮏ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ اي و آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﯾﮏ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻗﻠﻤﺮو ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ: ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻧﮑﺎ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران و ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﺎري و ﺑﻬﺸﻬﺮ در ﻋﺮض ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ 39 و 36 ﺷﻤﺎﻟﯽ و ﻃـﻮل ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ 19 و 53 ﺷﺮﻗﯽ ﻧﺼﻒ اﻟﻨﻬﺎر ﮔﺮﯾﻨﻮﯾﭻ ﻗﺮار دارد. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺳﺎﮐﻨﯿﻦ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻧﮑﺎ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ در ﺷﻬﺮ و ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان را ﻣﻄﻠـﻮب ارزﯾـﺎﺑﯽ ﻧﮑﺮدﻧـﺪ اﻣﺎ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﺷﻬﺮي را ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮي ﺑﺮ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻣﯽ داﻧﻨﺪ. در واﻗﻊ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳـﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕـﯽ و ﻓﺸـﺮدﮔﯽ ﺷـﻬﺮي راﺑﻄـﻪ ﻣﺜﺒـﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار وﺟﻮد دارد. از ﺳﻮي دﯾﮕﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ در ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﺑﺎﻻ، ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ و ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﯾﻦ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ در ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎ ﻧـﻮاﺣﯽ ﺑـﺎ ﺗـﺮاﮐﻢ ﭘـﺎﯾﯿﻦ اﺧـﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨـﺎدار دارد ﺑـﻪ ﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ اﯾﻦ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ در ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕـﯽ ﺑـﺎ ﻣﯿـﺰان ﻓﺸـﺮدﮔﯽ ﺷـﻬﺮي در ارﺗﺒـﺎط اﺳـﺖ و ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ داراي ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮي ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ

Introduction: Cultural capital can be regardeed as an asset of stores cultural values. Cultural development and increasing the cultural capital is one of the most important dimensions of sustainable urban development, which seeks to achieve sustainable socio-cultural urban spaces. Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of urban compression factor in the realization of cultural capital in Neka city. Methodology: The study population is citizens living in Neka. Calculated by the Cochran's formula, 381 people were selected as the sample size. The sampling method in the present study is cluster and simple random approach. The formal validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by the supervisor, and the Cronbach's alpha test was used to assess the reliability of the questionnaire questions. SPSS software with version 20 was used to analyze the data. Geographical Context: Neka County is located in Mazandaran Province and between Sari and Behshahr Counties in latitude 39 and 36 north and longitude 19 and 53 east of Greenwich meridian. Result and Discussion: The results showed that in opinion of residents of Neka the cultural stability and the level of cultural capital of the citizens are not desirable, but they consider urban density as an effective factor in increasing the level of cultural capital. In fact, there is a positive and significant relationship between cultural capital and urban density. On the other hand, the level of cultural capital was compared in high, medium and low density areas. Conclusion: The results showed that the level of cultural capital in high-density areas is significantly different from low-density areas, so that the level of this capital is higher in high-density areas. Therefore, the level of cultural capital is related to the level of urban compaction, and areas with higher density have a higher level of cultural capital.