ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺧﺎكﻫﺎ در ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي از ﺗﺸﺪﯾﺪ ﺳﯿﻞ و ﺧﺴﺎرات ﻧﺎﺷﯽ ازآن ﺑﻪ اراﺿﯽ ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ )ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻮردي: ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺪاآﻓﺮﯾﻦ اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎن ﺷﺮﻗﯽ)

Investigating the Role of Soil in Preventing Flood Aggravation and Damage to Agricultural Lands in Rural Areas (Case Study: Rural Areas of Khodaafarin County, East Azerbaijan Province)

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ: وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﺧﺎك و ﻣﯿﺰان ﻧﻔﻮذ آب ﺑﻪ آن، ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ را در ﮐﻨﺘـﺮل روانآب و ﺗﺸـﺪﯾﺪ ﺳـﯿﻞ اﯾﻔـﺎ ﻣـﯽﮐﻨـﺪ؛ ﺑـﻪﻃﻮريﮐـﻪ اﮔـﺮ ﻣﯿـﺰان ﻧﻔﻮذﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺧﺎك ﮐﺎﻫﺶ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن آن ﺑﻪ دﻻﯾﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ: ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﮐـﺎرﺑﺮي اراﺿـﯽ، ﭼـﺮاي ﺑـﯿﺶ از ﺣـﺪ، راه ﺳـﺎزي، ﺣﺮﮐـﺖ ﻣﺎﺷـﯿﻦ آﻻت ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ و ... اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﺬﯾﺮد، اﯾﻦ اﻣـﺮ ﻣﻨﺠـﺮ ﺑـﻪ اﻓـﺰاﯾﺶ روانآب و ﺗﺸـﺪﯾﺪ ﺳـﯿﻞ در اراﺿـﯽ ﮐﺸـﺎورزي و ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﯿﻦ در ﻧـﻮاﺣﯽ روﺳـﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺷـﺪه، و ﺧﺴﺎرتﻫﺎي ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻨﯽ را ﺑﺮاي روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯿﺎن و ﮐﺸﺎورزان ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎر ﻣﯽآورد. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ ﺟﻠـﻮﮔﯿﺮي از اﯾـﻦ ﺧﺴـﺎرتﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨـﺪ ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﭘﺎﯾـﺪار اراﺿـﯽ ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎبآوريﺳﮑﻮﻧﺖﮔﺎهﻫﺎي ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف: ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻧﻔﻮذﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺧﺎك و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار ﺑـﺮ اﯾﺠـﺎد روانآبﻫـﺎ و ﺗﺸـﺪﯾﺪ ﺳـﯿﻞ در اراﺿﯽ ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺖﮔﺎهﻫﺎي ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻧﻔـﻮذ آب در ﺧـﺎك، ﺑـﺎ ﺣﺼـﻮل اﻃﻼﻋـﺎت دﻗﯿـﻖ و ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﻮد. روشﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ: ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي ﺑﺎ روش »ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ« اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ )GIS( و روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻟﮑﻪﻫﺎي داغ )ﻫﺎت اﺳﭙﺎت( ﮐﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ از روشﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ و راﯾﺞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﯽ در ﺣﻮزه ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ و ﺧﺎﮐﺸﻨﺎﺳﯽ اﺳﺖ، اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻗﻠﻤﺮو ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ: در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از 88 ﻧﻘﻄﻪ اراﺿﯽ ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺪاآﻓﺮﯾﻦ، ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻗﯿﺰ ﻗﻠﻌﻪ ﺳﯽ ﺗﺎ ﺳﯿﻠﻦ ﭼﺎي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداري ﺧﺎك اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، از ﺑﯿﻦ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ، ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد دو ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﯿﺰان درﺻﺪ ﻣﺎده آﻟﯽ و ﺗﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﺧﺎك، ﺑـﺮ اﻓـﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻧﻔﻮذ آب در ﺧﺎك ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮي زﯾﺎدي داﺷﺘﻪ و ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪه ﻓﺎﻗــﺪ اﻟﮕـﻮي ﺧـﻮد ﻫﻤﺒﺴـﺘﮕﯽ ﻓﻀـﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺸـﺨﺺ ﺑـﻪ ﻟﺤـﺎظ آﻣـﺎري ﺑﻮد. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺑﯿﺎنﮔﺮ اﯾﻦ واﻗﻌﯿﺖ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺧﺎكﻫﺎي ﺳﺒﮏ و ﻏﻨﯽ از ﻣﻮاد آﻟﯽ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺧﺎكﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ داراي ﺗﺨﻠﺨﻞ )ﻓﻀـﺎي ﺧـﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺧﺎك( ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، از ﻧﻔﻮذﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮده و آب ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي را ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺧﺎكﻫﺎ ﺟﺬب ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﻧﻔﻮذﭘﺬﯾﺮي آب در ﺧﺎك ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ درﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي از اﯾﺠﺎد روانآب ﺑﺮ روي زﻣﯿﻦ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﺸﺪﯾﺪ ﺳﯿﻞ داﺷﺘﻪ و ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ ﺧﺴﺎرتﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از آن در اراﺿﯽ ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺖ ﮔﺎهﻫﺎي ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ ﺷﺪ و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾـﺪار ﮐﺸـﺎورزي و ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﯿﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﻫﻤﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻣﺆﺛﺮي ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ ﮐﺮ

Introduction: Soil characteristics and water infiltration rate play a crucial role in controlling runoff and flood intensification. The reduction of soil permeability for various reasons such as: land use change, overgrazing, road construction, movement of heavy machinery, etc., will lead to increased runoff and intensification of floods in agricultural lands as well as heavy damage to villagers and farmers. Therefore, preventing these damages requires sustainable management of agricultural lands and attention to the resilience of settlements in rural areas. Objectives: The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effective parameters on soil permeability and the factors affecting runoff and flood intensification in agricultural lands and settlements in rural areas. For this purpose, it is necessary to study and analyze the amount of water penetration in the soil, obtaining accurate and reliable information. Methodology: The present study is an applied research using a "descriptive-analytical" method. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Hotspot analysis method were applied, which is one of the most important and common methods of studies in the field of geography and soil science. Geographical Contex: In this study, 88 points of agricultural lands of Khodaafarin County, Gheez Qaleh Si to Ceylon Chay region have been selected as samples. Result and Discussion: According to the research results, among the studied parameters, two parameters including the percentage of organic matter and soil porosity had a great effect on increasing the rate of water infiltration in the soil and other measured parameters lacked a statistically clear spatial correlation pattern. This indicates the fact that light soils is rich for organic materials as well as soils with porosity (empty space between soils), have high permeability and absorb more water than other soils. Conclusion: Soil permeatability plays a crucial role in preventing runoff on land, intensifying floods and the reduation of damage in agricultural lands in rural areas. Also, it will contribute to the sustainable development of agriculture as well as the sustainable comprehensive development of rural areas.