كليدواژه :
روﺳﺘﺎ , ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﯿﺸﺘﯽ , ﻣﺪل ﺗﺎﭘﺴﯿﺲ , روش ﮐﺮﯾﺠﯿﻨﮓ
چكيده فارسي :
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ: ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮاﺗﯽ ﻋﻤﺪهاي در ﺗﻔﮑﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ در ﻧﯿﻢ ﻗﺮن ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ رخ داده و در ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي درﺣﺎل ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ رﻫﯿﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻌﯿﺸﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار روﺳـﺘﺎﯾﯽ
در ﺗﻼش ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﻘﺮ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻄﺮح ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.
ﻫﺪف: ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺑﻨﯿﺎنﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﯿﺸﺘﯽ ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ.
روشﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ: اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻧﻮع ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي و روش آن ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﮔﺮدآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﺎ روشﻫﺎي ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي و ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ )روش ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺒﺘﻨـﯽ
ﺑﺮ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ( ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪاﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﺷﺎﻣﻞ روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي دﻫﺴﺘﺎن دﺷﺘﻮﯾﻞ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ از ﺑـﯿﻦ آنﻫـﺎ 12 روﺳـﺘﺎ ﺑـﺮ اﺳـﺎس ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﮑـﺎﻧﯽ اﻧﺘﺨـﺎب ﺷﺪهاﺳﺖ. ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان و اﻋﻤﺎل روش ﺗﺼﺤﯿﺢ آن، ﺗﻌﺪاد 133 ﺧﺎﻧﻮار ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪ. از آزﻣﻮن ﺗﯽ ﺗﮏ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪاي ﺑـﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴـﻪ ﺗﻔﺎوتﻫـﺎ و آزﻣـﻮن
ﻓﺮﯾﺪﻣﻦ ﺑﺮاي رﺗﺒﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ از ﻣﺪل ﺗﺎﭘﺴﯿﺲ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ و رﺗﺒﻪﺑﻨﺪي روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎ و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾـﺖ، از روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ ﻓﻀـﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﺮﯾﺠﯿﻨـگ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ اﻟﮕﻮي ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻨﯿﺎنﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﯿﺸﺘﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺑُﻌﺪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﯿﺸﺘﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ در روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ داراي وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻧـﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. از ﻣﯿﺎن اﯾﻦ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺑُﻌﺪ، اﺑﻌﺎد ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ و ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ در وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ از رﺗﺒﻪﺑﻨـﺪي ﺑﺮاﺳـﺎس آزﻣـﻮن ﻓﺮﯾﺪﻣﻦ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺑُﻌﺪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﻣﻌﯿﺸﯽ در ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه اول ﺑﻮده و در رﺗﺒﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎ، ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ در رﺗﺒﻪ اول ﻗـﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﯿـﺮد. ﺑﺮاﺳـﺎس ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﺪل ﺗﺎﭘﺴﯿﺲ، روﺳﺘﺎي ﭼﻠﮕﺎﺳﺮ در رﺗﺒﻪ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﺟﺎي ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﺮﯾﺠﯿﻨﮓ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﺧـﺘﻼف ﻓﻀـﺎﯾﯽ در روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي دﻫﺴﺘﺎن دﺷﺘﻮﯾﻞ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي واﻗﻊ در ﭘﻬﻨﻪ ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺮق در وﺿـﻌﯿﺖ ﺑﺮﺧـﻮردار و روﺳـﺘﺎﻫﺎي واﻗـﻊ در ﭘﻬﻨـﻪ
ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﻏﺮب ﻧﺎﺑﺮﺧﻮردار )ﻣﺤﺮوم( ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: در ﺑﻨﯿﺎنﻣﻌﯿﺸﺘﯽ روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي ﮐﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ واﻗﻊ در دﻫﺴﺘﺎن دﺷﺘﻮﯾﻞ ﺧﻼ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ، اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ و ﻣﺎﻟﯽ وﺟﻮد دارد. در ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﻋﻠﻞ وﺟﻮد اﯾﻦ ﻧﻘﺼﺎن ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ دﻻﯾﻠﯽ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﻣﺤﺪود ﺑﻮدن ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﯿﺸﺘﯽ، ﮐﺴﺐ درآﻣﺪ و ﮔـﺬران زﻧـﺪﮔﯽ از ﻃﺮﯾـﻖ روش ﻫـﺎي ﺳـﻨﺘﯽ واﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﻪ دام، ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﻣﺤﺪود، اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﺗﮏﻣﺤﺼﻮﻟﯽ( اﺷﺎره ﮐﺮد.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction: Major changes in rural development thinking have occurred in the last half century and in developing countries, the approach of sustainable rural livelihood has been proposed in an effort to reduce rural poverty.
Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the livelihood foundations of rural settlements with a spatial approach.
Methodology: This research is a applied study and its method is descriptive-analytical. Data collection was done by document and field studies (survey method based on questionnaire). The statistical population includes the villages of Dashtvil District, from which 12 villages have been selected based on spatial sampling. The sample size was determined by Cochran's formula and applying it to 133 households. One-sample t-test was used to compare differences and Friedman test was used to rank the indicators. Also, the TOPSIS model was used to analyze and rank the villages, and finally, the Kriging spatial analysis method has been used to show the spatial pattern of the foundations of livelihood. Finally, the Kriging spatial analysis method has been used to show the spatial pattern of the foundations of livelihood.
Result and Discussion: The results showed that the five dimensions of livelihood capital in general are in an unfavorable situation in the studied villages. Out of these five dimensions, the dimensions of natural capital and social capital are in good condition. The results of the ranking based on Friedman test showed that the dimension of livelihood capital is in the first place, and in the ranking of indicators, vegetation is in the first place. According to the results of TOPSIS model, Chelgasar village was ranked first. The results of Kriging spatial analysis indicate that there is a spatial difference in the villages of Dashtvil district, so that the villages located in the eastern space zone are in a good condition and the villages located in the western space zone are disadvantaged.
Conclusion: There is a lack of physical, human and financial capital in the livelihood of mountain villages located in Dashtvil district. In examining the causes of this shortcoming, we can point to reasons such as limited livelihood options, earning money and living through traditional methods (dependence on livestock, limited agriculture, single-product economy).
