بررسي شيوع آسم و خس خس سينه و عوامل مرتبط با آن در دانش آموزان ابتدائي شهر زاهدان سال 1398

Prevalence and Determinants of Asthma and Wheezing among Elementary School Children, Southeast of Iran, 2019

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف ﺷﯿﻮع آﺳﻢ و آﻟﺮژي ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﭼﺸﻤﮕﯿﺮي در ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﯿﻮع آﺳﻢ و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ آن در ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﻣﺪارس اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ در زاﻫﺪان، ﺟﻨﻮب ﺷﺮق اﯾﺮان ﺑﻮد . ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻘﻄﻌﯽ 1600 ﻧﻔﺮ از داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزان ﻣﻘﻄﻊ اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ دﺧﺘﺮ و ﭘﺴﺮ ﺑﺎ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ISAAC ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. داده ﻫﺎ در ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار Stata.14 ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آزﻣﻮن ﻣﺠﺬورﮐﺎي، رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن ﻟﻮﺟﺴﺘﯿﮏ ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﻪ و ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﮐﺎﭘﺎ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﺷﯿﻮع آﺳﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ ﭘﺰﺷﮏ در داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزان 6 /2 درﺻﺪ ﺑﻮد. ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ آﺳﻢ در دﺧﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ 8 /3و ﭘﺴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ 4 /2 درﺻﺪ از ﻧﻈﺮ آﻣﺎري ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﺑﻮد )05.P<0(. آﺳﻢ ﺑﺎ رﯾﻨﯿﺖ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﻧﺸﺎن داد ) 05.P<0(. آﺳﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي BMI، ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺖ، ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ آﻟﺮژي در ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده، ﻧﻮع وﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ و ﭘﺨﺖ و ﭘﺰ در ﻣﻨﺰل و ﻣﺪت زﻣﺎن ﺗﻤﺎﺷﺎي ﺗﻠﻮﯾﺰﯾﻮن، راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﻧﺸﺎن داد )0.05

The prevalence of asthma has increased dramatically among children. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of asthma symptoms among school‐age children in Zahedan, southeast of Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1,600 primary school girls and boys were examined by multistage random sampling. Data were collected using the International ISAAC Questionnaire. The data were analyzed in Stata.14 software using chi-square test, multiple logistic regression and Kappa coefficient. Results: The prevalence of asthma based on physician diagnosis was 6.2%. The prevalence of asthma was statistically significant in girls with 8.3% and boys with 4.2% (P <0.05). The prevalence of asthma with rhinitis was statistically significant. (P <0.05). The occurrence of asthma was related to BMI, sex, allergy history in family, TV watching time, type of heating and cooking (P<0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of asthma and its symptoms in Iranian schoolchildren is not high, but is continuing to increase in new birth cohorts. However, the mothers have most important role in screening and early diagnosis of Asthma in school children regarding determinants in this study. Moreover, different sources and measures can lead to different results regarding evaluation of asthma and its symptoms.