تبيين رفتارهاي متفاوت حوزه‌ي مالكيت فكري در نظام حقوقي ايران با سازمان تجارت جهاني

Intellectual Property Duals in the legal System of Iran and The World Trade Organization

مالكيت فكري حقي است كه افراد نسبت به اعمال خلاقيت ذهني خود آن ‌را دارا مي‌شوند. اين حقوق به فرد خلاق اجازه استفاده از اثر خود را براي يك دوره‌ي زماني اعطا مي‌كند. حقوق مالكيت فكري (معنوي)، باعث رشد اجتماعي مي‌شود، دفاع قانوني و ملي از حقوق مالكيت فكري در كشورهاي مختلف جهان، مستلزم قراردادي بين‌المللي است؛ با پيشرفت حقوق اختراع و ابتكار و با نفوذ در قوانين ملل صنعتي معلوم مي‌گردد كه حمايت قانوني داخلي به تنهايي كافي نيست. اين بازار گسترده حمايت، منحصر به چارچوب قانون ملي نخواهد بود. علت عمده‌ي دوگانگي قوانين مالكيت فكري داخلي با سازمان تجارت جهاني، نپيوستن ايران به معاهده «تريپس » است. چالش‌ها و كمبودهاي فراوان در قوانين ايران از جمله ضمانت اجرا، كپي‌رايت ، حل و فصل اختلافات نياز به اصلاح و تدوين قوانين جديد را آشكار مي‌سازد. هدف اصلي مقاله، ارايه رفتارهاي متفاوت مالكيت فكري در نظام حقوقي ايران و سازمان تجارت جهاني و ارائه راهكار جهت حل آن است كه به روش توصيفي- تحليلي انجام مي‌شود.

Intellectual property rights are the right of an individual to exercise his or her mental creativity. These rights allow the creative person to use their creativity for a period of time. Intellectual property rights cause social development. Legal and national protection of intellectual property rights in different countries of the world requires international support. With the relative progress of the idea of protecting the rights of initiatives and by influencing the laws of industrial nations and literature and art, it soon became clear that the domestic support of a country alone was not enough. Economic freedom could not be limited to the territory of one country. Rather, according to its principle, it inevitably crossed political borders and engaged in international trade. In such a situation and wide market, protection was not limited to the framework of national law. Now the question arises that what dichotomies are there in the intellectual property laws in the Iranian legal system and the World Trade Organization. Many challenges and shortcomings in Iranian laws, including enforcement, copyright, resolution of disputes, reveal the need for amendments. The WTO also pays special attention to intellectual property in the TRIPS Agreement. But Iran has not yet acceded to the agreement due to the shortcomings and contradictions in the laws of Iran in relation to the World Trade Organization. The main goal of this study is to represent the dichotomies of intellectual property in the Iranian legal system with World Trade Organization which is done by descriptive-analytical method.