واﮐﺎوي اﻧﺘﻘﺎدي ﻣﺎدهي 350 ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﺠﺎزات اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد ﺑﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﻓﻘﻬﯽ

Critical analysis of Article 350 of the Islamic Penal Code with an approach to jurisprudential principles

ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ، در ﻧﮕﺎه ﻧﺨﺴﺖ، ﻗﺼﺎص، اﺳﺘﯿﻔﺎي ﺣﻖ اﺳﺖ، اﻣﺎ ﻧﻮﻋﺎً، اﺟﺮاي آن، ﺗﻠﺨﯽ دو آﺳﯿﺐ ﺟﺒﺮان ﻧﺎﭘﺬﯾﺮ را ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ و ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده، ﺑﺎ ﺧﻮد، ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه دارد. ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ در ﺣﺬف و ﯾﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮي ﻣﺠﺎزات اﻋﺪام ﮐﻪ در ﻣﯿﺜﺎقﻫﺎ و ﭘﯿﻤﺎن ﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﻣﻨﻌﮑﺲ اﺳﺖ و ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﮐﯿﻔﺮي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﮕﺬار اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ اﻋﺪام ﺷﻮﻧﺪﮔﺎن را ﺑﺎ ﺣﻔﻆ اﺑﺘﻨﺎي ﺑﺮ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺷﺮﯾﻌﺖ و ﻓﻘﻪ ﺟﺰاي اﻣﺎﻣﯿﻪ، دﻧﺒﺎل ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ، اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﺎز ﺧﻮاﻧﯽ ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻓﻘﻪ اﻟﻘﺼﺎص و در ﭘﯽ آن، اﺻﻼح ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﻣﻮاد ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﺠﺎزات اﺳﻼﻣﯽ، ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ دﯾﺪﮔﺎهﻫﺎي ﻓﻘﻬﯽ واﮐﺎوي ﺷﺪه را در ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻓﻘﻪ ﺟﺰاﺋﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺎن ﻣﯽﺳﺎزد. در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ، ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﭘﯿﺶ رو، ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺎه ﭼﯿﺴﺘﯽ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺎزات ﻗﺼﺎص، ﻋﻄﻒ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد 350 و 422 ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﺠﺎزات اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ دﯾﺪﮔﺎه اﺳﺘﻘﻼﻟﯽ ﭘﻨﺪاﺷﺘﻦ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎص و ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ آن ﻣﺘﮑﯽ اﺳﺖ و ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﻬﻮر ﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﺳﺖ، ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻓﻘﻬﯽِ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﯽ ﺑﻮدن ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎص روي ﻣﯽﻧﻬﺪ و در ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﺪ و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از اﯾﻦ دو دﯾﺪﮔﺎه و ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺎن داﺷﺘﻦ ﻋﺪم ﮐﻔﺎﯾﺖ وﺟﻮه اﺳﺘﻨﺎدي دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻣﺸﻬﻮر، ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎز ﺧﻮاﻧﯽ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﮐﯿﻔﺮي ﻓﻘﻪ ﺟﺰاي ﺷﯿﻌﻪ، در ﺧﺼﻮص ﻣﺠﺎزات ﻗﺼﺎص ﻣﯽﭘﺮدازد ﮐﻪ در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ، ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد اﺻﻼح ﻣﻮاد ﻣﺬﮐﻮر را در دﺳﺘﺂورد ﻋﻤﻠﯽ ﺧﻮد دارد.

at first glance, retribution is the realization of the right, however, its implementation brings with it the bitterness of two irreparable harms to society and the family. As global movement to eliminate or reduce the maximum death penalty as reflected in international treaties and he knew criminal policy of the Iranian legislature aimed to the number of those executed while maintaining the basis of Sharia law and Imami criminal jurisprudence. It follows that the importance of re-reading the literature of the jurisprudence of retribution and, consequently, amending some articles of the Islamic Penal Code, based on the jurisprudential views analyzed in the literature of criminal jurisprudence, is evident. in this regard, the present article, with a cognitive view of the punishment of retribution, referring Articles 350 and 422 of the Islamic Penal Code, which is based on the independent view of the right to retribution and its principles and is attributed to the famous, introduces the jurisprudential view of the totality of the right Qisas takes place and in the process of criticizing the foundations of each of these two views and showing the inadequacy of the citations of the famous view, he rereads the criminal policy of Shiite criminal jurisprudence regarding the punishment of Qisas, which, as a result, proposes amendment. It has the mentioned materials in its practical achievement.