مباني فقهي و حقوقي جرم انگاري قاچاق كالا و ارز در ايران

Criminalization of goods and currency smuggling in Iran and its juridical and legal foundations

اﺧﻼل در ﻧﻈﺎم اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺿﺮﺑﻪ زدن ﺑﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد و ﻧﻈﺎم اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﺟﺮاﯾﻢ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي اﺳﺖ. ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد آورﻧﺪهي ﺟﺮم اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻗﺎﭼﺎق، ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از اﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ را ﺑﺮﻃﺮف ﮐﻨﺪ. ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺘﻮن ﻓﻘﻬﯽ، ﭘﺪﯾﺪهي ﻗﺎﭼﺎق را ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺠﺮﻣﺎﻧﻪي ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﻧﺪاده اﺳﺖ، اﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻓﻘﻬﯽ و اﺣﮑﺎم ﺑﯿﺎن ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻨﺎوﯾﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﯽ ﮐﻪ ﭘﺪﯾﺪهي ﻗﺎﭼﺎق در ﺷﻤﻮل آن ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد، ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮم اﻧﮕﺎري ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﭘﺪﯾﺪهي ﻗﺎﭼﺎق ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ. ﺿﺎﺑﻄﻪي ﺗﻌﺰﯾﺮ، رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺣﺪ ﺷﺮﻋﯽ را ﻣﺴﺘﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﻌﺰﯾﺮ ﻣﯽداﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﻮدن ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع در ﻣﮑﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺤﺮﻣﻪ، ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻓﻘﻬﯽ، ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻗﺎﭼﺎق، ﯾﮏ ﻓﻌﻞ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺣﺮام اﺳﺖ و ﻣﺮﺗﮑﺐ آن ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﺗﻌﺰﯾﺮ اﺳﺖ و ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﻗﺎﻋﺪهي ﺣﻔﻆ ﻧﻈﺎم را دﻟﯿﻞ ﺟﺮم اﻧﮕﺎري ﺷﺮﻋﯽ و ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯽ ﻗﺎﭼﺎق ﮐﺎﻻ و ارز داﻧﺴﺖ.

The problems caused by smuggling can be solved according to the factors that cause it. In jurisprudential texts, the phenomenon of trafficking has not been considered as an independent crime. However, according to the jurisprudential sources of the general titles that the phenomenon of trafficking is included in, the independent criminalization of the phenomenon of trafficking can be applied. Ta'zeer considers behavior that does not have Shariah limits to be punishable. Therefore, due to the silence of this issue in mahramah gains, it can be determined by examining jurisprudential sources that smuggling is a forbidden economic act and its perpetrator deserves punishment. Therefore, the rule of maintaining the system can be considered as the reason for the Sharia and legal criminalization of goods and currency smuggling.