ﺑﻨﯿﺎدﻫﺎي اﺧﻼﻗﯽ ﺣﻘﻮق در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﮕﺬاري ﺑﺎروﯾﮑﺮد ﺑﻪ ﺣﻘﻮق ﺗﺠﺎرت اﺳﻼﻣﯽ

Moral foundations of law in legislative politics with an approach to commercial law

ﺗﺠﺎرت و ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت، ﺣﻮزهاي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ رﻋﺎﯾﺖ اﺻﻮل و ﺑﻨﯿﺎدﻫﺎي اﺧﻼﻗﯽ در آن، ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ اﺳﻼم اﺳﺖ و ﯾﮑﯽ از ارﮐﺎن اﺻﻠﯽ ﺗﻀﻤﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﻨﺪهي ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﺎري زﻧﺪﮔﯽ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي اﺳﺖ. در ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎر ﭘﯿﺶ رو، ﺳﻌﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻨﺎد ﺑﻪ اﺣﮑﺎم ﺗﺠﺎري در اﺳﻼم، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﺼﻮص ﺷﺮﻋﯽ و واﮐﺎوي ﻣﺼﺎدﯾﻖ ﻓﺮاوان ﮐﺎرﮐﺮد اﺧﻼق در ﺣﻘﻮق ﺗﺠﺎرت اﺳﻼﻣﯽ، راﺑﻄﻪي اﺻﻮل و ﺑﻨﯿﺎدﻫﺎي اﺧﻼﻗﯽ اﺳﻼم و ﺣﻘﻮق ﺗﺠﺎرت، در ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﺗﺸﺮﯾﻌﯽ اﺳﻼم ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺎن ﮔﺮدد و ﺗﻔﻮق اﺻﻮل و ﺑﻨﯿﺎدﻫﺎي اﺧﻼﻗﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ، در رواﺑﻂ و ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت ﺗﺠﺎري، آﺷﮑﺎر ﺷﻮد. از آﻧﺠﺎ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺪف ﺟﺴﺘﺎر ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺎن ﺳﺎزي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر اﺧﻼﻗﯽ ﺣﻘﻮق ﺗﺠﺎرت اﺳﻼﻣﯽ در ﺑﻮﺗﻪي ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﮕﺬاري اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﺳﺖ، ﺑﯿﺎن ﺗﻌﺎرﺿﺎت و روﯾﮑﺮدﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺬاﻫﺐ ﻓﻘﻬﯽ، در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﻣﻠﺤﻮظ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ و اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺗﺠﺎرت ﺑﺮاي زﻧﺪﮔﯽ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و دﯾﺪﮔﺎهﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد درﺑﺎرهي راﺑﻄﻪي ﺣﻘﻮق ﺗﺠﺎرت و اﺻﻮل و ﺑﻨﯿﺎدﻫﺎي اﺧﻼﻗﯽ ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد ﺑﻪ آﻣﻮزهﻫﺎي ﺣﻘﻮق اﺳﻼم ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد.

Trade and transactions is an area in which the observance of moral principles and foundations is emphasized by Islam and is one of the main pillars guaranteeing the sustainability of social and economic life. In the following article, an attempt has been made to show the relationship between the moral principles and foundations of Islam and business law in the legislative policy of Islam by referring to business rules in Islam, examining Shari'a texts and analyzing many examples of the function of ethics in Islamic business law. Ethical principles and foundations should be revealed over legal rules in business relationships and transactions. Since the purpose of this research is to present the ethical structure of Islamic business law in the context of Islamic legislation, it is not important to express the conflicts and approaches of different schools of jurisprudence in this research, and the importance of business for social life and the existing views about The relationship between business law and moral principles and foundations is explained by approaching the teachings of Islamic law.