ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي وﺿﻌﯽ ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ در ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﺮﻗﺖ ﻣﻨﺎزل اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ (ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪي ﻣﻮردي ﻣﺴﮑﻦ ﻣﻬﺮ ﺷﻬﺮ رﺷﺖ )

Situational prevention, with an environmental design approach, in reducing social housing theft (a case study of “Maskane Mehr” in Rasht)

طراحي ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ در ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﺳﺎز ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ، ﺧﻄﺮ ﺑﺰهدﯾﺪﮔﯽ را اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ و ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ، ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ارﺗﮑﺎب اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﻣﺠﺮﻣﺎﻧﻪ را از ﺑﺰﻫﮑﺎران ﻣﯽﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ وﻗﻮع ﺳﺮﻗﺖ، از ﻣﻨﺎزل ﻣﺴﮑﻦ ﻣﻬﺮ، اﻫﺘﻤﺎم ﺑﻪ رﻋﺎﯾﺖ ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ در ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﺴﮑﻦ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻧﮕﺎرش درآﻣﺪه در ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﭘﯿﺶ رو، ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻮردي، ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ وﻗﻮع ﺟﺮم ﺳﺮﻗﺖ را در ﻣﺴﮑﻦ ﻣﻬﺮ رﺷﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ و ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺎن ﻣﯽﺳﺎزد ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﺸﺎء آن، ﺑﯽﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي وﺿﻌﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ و ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﻣﺴﮑﻦ ﻣﻬﺮ ﺷﻬﺮ رﺷﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ، ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺣﮑﺎﯾﺖ دارد ﮐﻪ در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ داﺧﻠﯽ و ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﮑﻦ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن: ﻗﻠﻤﺮو، ﻧﻈﺎرت، ﮐﻨﺘﺮل دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ و دﺷﻮارﺳﺎزي در دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ اﻫﺪاف ﻣﺠﺮﻣﺎﻧﻪ رﻋﺎﯾﺖ ﻧﮕﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﻓﻘﺪان اﯾﻦ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎ، ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ در وﻗﻮع و ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﺟﺮم ﺳﺮﻗﺖ داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ؛ از اﯾﻦ رو، اﺟﺮاي ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ در ﻃﺮحﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﮑﻦ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﮑﻦ ﻣﻬﺮ، راه ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي از وﻗﻮع ﺟﺮم ﺳﺮﻗﺖ در اﯾﻦ ﺷﻬﺮكﻫﺎ و ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ. اﺟﺮاي ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ، ﺿﻤﻦ ارﺗﻘﺎي ﺿﺮﯾﺐ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ، ﮐﻤﮏ ﺷﺎﯾﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﺰاف ﺑﺮﻗﺮاري اﻣﻨﯿﺖ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﮐﺸﻒ و ﺗﻌﻘﯿﺐ ﻣﺠﺮﻣﯿﻦ اﺳﺖ.

In environmental construction, improper design creates the risk of crime. Prevention through "environmental design" reduces the opportunity for criminals to commit criminal acts. Due to the increase in the occurrence of thefts, it is necessary to comply as much as possible with the rules of environmental design in the construction of social housing. In the following article, the factors of theft crime in Maskan Mehr in Rasht are investigated on a case-by-case basis. It is clear that its origin is the neglect of situational prevention. Matching and evaluating the design of Maskan Mehr in Rasht with environmental design components, it is determined that, in the internal and external environment of this project, things such as: territory, surveillance, access control and making it difficult to achieve criminal goals have not been observed. The lack of these components has had an important impact on the occurrence and frequency of theft. Therefore, their correct implementation in social housing projects, such as Maskan Mehr, is the way to prevent the crime of theft in these settlements and residential complexes. The implementation of environmental design rules, while improving the security factor, is a great help to reduce the exorbitant costs of providing security and pursuing criminals.