پديد آورندگان :
ايزدي فرد، فاطمه دانشگاه ياسوج، ياسوج، ايران , نوشادي، ناصر دانشگاه ياسوج، ياسوج، ايران , تقوايي نيا، علي دانشگاه ياسوج، ياسوج، ايران
چكيده فارسي :
غايت تربيت، خلاقيت است و دوره ابتدايي مرحله آغازين تجربه اجتماعي كودك به شمار ميرود. از اينرو، دوره ابتدايي بالقوه فرصت بسيار مغتنمي براي پرورش خلاقيت اجتماعي است و نقش معلمان اين دوره در رشد و شكوفايي خلاقيت اجتماعي پر اهميت است. اين پژوهش با روبكرد كيفي با استفاده از روش پديدارشناسي انجام شد. داده هاي پژوهش از طريق مصاحبه عميق نيمهساختاريافته و به صورت تلفني جمعآوري شد. با استفاده از نمونه گيري هدفمند، از بين معلمان دوره ابتدايي با شرط معيار حداقل 10 سال سابقه معلمي، تعداد 14 معلم بر اساس معيارهاي ورود به پژوهش انتخاب شدند و اشباع داده ها حاصل شد. تحليل مصاحبهها، با استفاده از روش تحليل مضمون و الگوي كلايزي انجام شد. پس از استخراج موضوعي و طبقهبندي آنها، يافتهها در چهار مقوله اصلي (ويژگيهاي دانشآموزان، پرسشهاي واگرا، سبك روابط معلم-شاگرد، نشر اجتماعي دانش) و هشت مقوله فرعي (پشتكار، كنجكاوي، گشوده به تجربه، مدارا با ابهام، پرسشهاي واگراي معلم، پرسشهاي واگراي كتاب، سبك راهبري و اصل مشاركت) تقسيم بندي شدند. واكاوي تجربه هاي زيسته معلمان دوره ابتدايي نشان داد كه اين دوره بستر مناسبي براي فعليت بخشي به قوه خلاقيت جمعي كودكان است. بر اين اساس مي توان از اين تجارب براي پرورش خلاقيت اجتماعي و غلبه بر رويكرد منفعلانه كسب دانش در مدارس بهره برد.
چكيده لاتين :
The aim of any education system is to develop learners' creativity and elementary school is the place where the early social experiences are formed. Elementary school can be a potentially great opportunity for developing social creativity and the role of elementary
school teacher in stimulating and encouraging social creativity cannot be ignored. Considering this, investigating teachers' lived experiences can improve our understanding of how to improve students' social creativity and overcome barriers against it. Therefore,
the aim of this study is to gain a phenomenological understanding of elementary school teacher's lived experiences about cultivation of social creativity in students. In line with this, a qualitative research approach and a phenomenological research design were used
to conduct this study. Accordingly, 14 teachers with at least 10 years of teaching experience were selected from among elementary school teachers in Shiraz. Participants were then semi-structurally interviewed via telephone. The interviews were next analyzed
by doing a thematic analysis and using Colizzi's seven-step method. After thematic extraction and classification, four main categories, namely student characteristics, divergent questions, teacher-student relationship style, and knowledge sharing, and eight sub-categories, namely perseverance, curiosity, openness to experience, tolerance for ambiguity, divergent questions in textbook, teacher’s divergent questions, mentoring style, and the participation principle, were identified. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that teachers' experiences can be useful for developing students' social creativity and overcoming the passive approaches to knowledge acquisition. Considering the dialectic of social creativity and with regard to the competitive education system of Iran, it can be theoretically recommended that upstream documents, such as the country's National Curriculum Document, be revised and focus be placed on the development of social creativity in students. Practically considering, too, some courses should be devoted to improving students' social creativity in teacher training centers.