وحدت وجود و فروع آن در انديشه مولوي با تاكيد بر تجلي و تعالي خدا

The Unity of Existence and its Traces in Rumi's Works (Emphasis on the Manifestation and Sublimation of God)

ﻣﻮﻻﻧﺎ ﺟﻼل اﻟﺪّﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﻤّﺪ ﺑﻠﺨﯽ در آﺛﺎر ﺧﻮد ﺑﻪوﯾﮋه ﻣﺜﻨﻮي ﻣﻌﻨﻮي، ﺑﺮﺧﻼف دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻓﻠﺴﻔﯽِ ﻣﻌﺮوف ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻧﺘﻪاﯾﺴﻢ و ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪان ﺑﻪ ﺣﻠﻮل و اﺗّﺤﺎد، اﻋﺘﻘﺎد ﺑﻪ وﺣﺪت وﺟﻮد را ﺑﺎ ﺗﺠﻠّﯽ و ﺗﻨﺰّه و ﺗﻌﺎﻟﯽ ﺧﺪا ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر و ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﯽداﻧﺪ و ﺣﺘﯽ ﻣﺪّﻋﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ از اﯾﻦ ﻧﮕﺎه، ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮي ﻣﻄﻠﻮبﺗﺮ و ﻧﺰدﯾﮏﺗﺮ از ﻫﺮ دﯾﺪﮔﺎه دﯾﮕﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺪاي دﯾﻦ داﺷﺖ. در اﯾﻨﺠﺎ ﮐﻮﺷﯿﺪه ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ اﺑﺘﺪا ﺑﻪ اﺛﺒﺎت ﺑﺎورﻣﻨﺪي ﻣﻮﻟﻮي ﺑﻪ دﯾﺪﮔﺎه وﺣﺪت وﺟﻮد ﺑﭙﺮدازﯾﻢ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﻓﺮوع آن را ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ؛ ﺑﻪوﯾﮋه ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ دﻫﯿﻢ ﮐﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ او ﺗﺠﻠّﯽ و ﺗﻨﺰّه و ﺗﻌﺎﻟﯽ ﺧﺪا را ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي اﺻﻞ اﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﮑﺘﺐ ﺧﻮد وﺣﺪت وﺟﻮد( ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ و اﺛﺒﺎت ﻣﯽﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. از اﯾﻦرو، ﺑﺮاي آﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﮑﺘﺐ ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﯽ و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻣﻮﻻﻧﺎ، اﺑﺘﺪاﺋﺎً ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮّﻓﯽ ﻣﺸﺮب ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﯽ و اﻋﺘﺪال اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪ و روش ﻓﮑﺮي او ﻣﯽﭘﺮدازﯾﻢ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي وﺣﺪت وﺟﻮد ﺑﻪ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ وﺣﺪت ﺑﻪ وﺣﺪت آﻓﺎﻗﯽ و اﻧﻔﺴﯽ و ﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰﮔﺬاري ﻣﯿﺎن ﻣﻘﺎم ذات و ﻣﻘﺎم اﺳﻤﺎء و ﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻬﯽ و اﻋﺘﻘﺎد ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﺒﯿﻪ در ﻋﯿﻦ ﺗﻨﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﻨﺰﯾﻪ در ﻋﯿﻦ ﺗﺸﺒﯿﻪ ﮐﻪ ﻓﺮوع و ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ اﺻﻞ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻣﺒﺎدرت ﻣﯽورزﯾﻢ.

Rumi in his works, especially Masnavi Ma’anavi, states that the unity of God is compatible with manifestation, purification, and transcendence of God and one can believe in all of them. This is contrary to some other philosophical views like pantheism and those who believe in incarnation and union. Rumi even believes that such a viewpoint can give a better and closer image of God defined in the religious concept. The methodology in this study is descriptive and analytical and it is attempted to prove the belief of Rumi in the unity of existence, first. Then, the sub-principles and traces of this belief in his works are determined and investigated. The unity of existence is the fundamental principle of his school. How he explains and proves the principle, based on the manifestation and purification of God based on, is the question especially answered here. Accordingly, his mystical school and the moderate method of his thoughts are introduced, first. Then, based on the unity of existence, the unity is divided into horizon and souls. Afterwards, the status of essence and the status of Divine names and attributes are shown to be different. The sub-principles and consequences of this belief is resemblance at the same time as purification and purification at the same time as the resemblance. These consequences are also clarified during the study.