ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ اﺑﻦﺳﯿﻨﺎ و ﻣﻼﺻﺪرا و ﺑﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﯽ و ﮐﻼﻣﯽ آن

An Investigation into the Nature of Motion according to Avicenna and Mulla Sadra and Its Philosophical and Discursive Outcome

ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﻗﻄﻌﯿﻪ و ﺗﻮﺳﻄﯿﻪ و ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ آنﻫﺎ از ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ در ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ دﯾﺪﮔﺎهﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ وﺟﻮد دارد ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﺗﺮﯾﻦ آن دﯾﺪﮔﺎهِ اﺑﻦﺳﯿﻨﺎ و ﻣﻼﺻﺪرا اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺮ ﮐﺪام از اﯾﻦ دﯾﺪﮔﺎهﻫﺎ، داراي اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت و ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﯽ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎر ﺳﻌﯽ دارد ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻧﻈﺮات اﯾﻦ دو ﻓﯿﻠﺴﻮف در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ و ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ ﺑﭙﺮدازد و در ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺟﻤﻊآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت از روش ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي و ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ روش از روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ وﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ازﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﺑﻦﺳﯿﻨﺎ ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻄﯿﻪ اﺳﺖ وﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﻗﻄﻌﯿﻪ را ﺧﯿﺎﻟﯽ وﺗﻮﻫﻤﯽ ﻣﯽداﻧﺪ؛ اﻣّﺎ ﻣﻼﺻﺪرا ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﻗﻄﻌﯿﻪ را واﻗﻌﯽ و در ﺧﺎرج ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻣﯽداﻧﺪ و آن را ﯾﮏ اﻣﺮﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺳﯿّﺎل ﻣﯽداﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ وﺟﻮد واﺣﺪ ﺷﺨﺼﯽ دارد ﮐﻪ ﮐﻞّ آن در ﮐﻞّ زﻣﺎن اﺳﺖ. درك اﯾﻦ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺖ راه را ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺟﻮﻫﺮي و رﻓﻊ ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ آن ﻫﻤﻮار ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﺑﺎ اﺛﺒﺎت ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺟﻮﻫﺮي ﺑﺴﯿﺎري ازﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻏﺎﻣﺾ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﯽ از ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ﻣﻌﺎد ﺟﺴﻤﺎﻧﯽ، ﺣﺪوث و ﻗﺪم ﻋﺎﻟﻢ و...ﺣﻞ ﺷﺪ.

Explaining the nature of "traversal and being-in-the-middle motion " and their manifestation in the real world is among the crucial topics in the philosophical scopes. There are countless views regarding this topic, the most important of which is that of Avicenna and Mulla Sadra. Each of these views has its different requirements and leads to diverse consequences. The present study intends to analyze the views of these two philosophers on the nature of motion and their outcomes. Library method is employed to collect the needed data and descriptive and analytical methods are utilized to analyze the data. The results indicated that Avicenna believes in the external existence of being-in-the-middle motion and considers traversal motion imaginary and illusory, while Mulla Sadra considers traversing motion a reality with external manifestation and considers being-in-the-middle motion as a mobile connected thing with a unique existence which is totally included within time. Understanding this fact paves the way for the substantial motion and removes its obstacles. By proving the substantial motion, many obscure philosophical problems, such as the bodily resurrection, temporal or pre-eternity creation of the world, etc. were solved.