كليدواژه :
ﻣﻮاد اوﻟﯿﻪ داروﯾﯽ , ﻣﻮاد ﻣﺆﺛﺮه داروﯾﯽ , داﻧﺸﮕﺎه و ﺻﻨﻌﺖ , دارو , وزارت ﻋﻠﻮم و وزارت ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ , دوﻟﺖ
چكيده فارسي :
ﮔﺮدش ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ دارو در ﺟﻬﺎن ﺑﯿﺶ از 1300ﻣﯿﻠﯿﺎرد دﻻر در ﺳﺎل ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺳﺮ اﻧﮕﺸﺘﯽ ﺳﻬﻢ اﯾﺮان ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس درﺻﺪ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ و ﺑﺪون در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﮐﻪ دو ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻗﺎره اروﭘﺎﺳﺖ، رﺗﺒﻪ دوم در ذﺧﺎﯾ ﺮ ﮔﺎزي و رﺗﺒﻪ ﺳﻮم ذﺧﺎﯾﺮ ﻧﻔﺘﯽ، واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﯿ ﻤﯿﺎ ﯾﯽ ﻣﺘﻨﻮع و ﮔﺴﺘﺮده در ﮐﺸﻮر، ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻏﻨﯽ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ، ﺳﻬﻢ 2 درﺻﺪي در ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﻣﺮزﻫﺎي داﻧﺶ و اﺳﻨﺎد ﻋﻠﻤﯽ و ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﺪد داروﯾﯽ، از ﻋﺪد ﻧﺠﻮﻣﯽ ﺗﺠﺎرت ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ دارو ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﯿﺶ از 13ﻣﯿﻠﯿﺎرد دﻻر در ﺳﺎل ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﻣﺎ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻓﻌﻠﯽ ﺑﯿﺶ از 2.5ﻣﯿﻠﯿﺎرد دﻻر ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮاد اوﻟﯿﻪ و ﻣ ﺆﺛﺮه داروﯾﯽ ﺻﺮف واردات ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد و ﻣﯿﺰان ﺻﺎدرات اﯾﺮان ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از 100ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻮن دﻻر در ﺳﺎل ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﮔﺰارش ﻫﺎي رﺳﻤﯽ ﺣﺪود 1500 ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮل و ﯾﺎ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻮاد اوﻟﯿﻪ و ﯾﺎ ﻣﺆﺛﺮه داروﯾﯽ در ﮐﺸﻮر ﻣﺼﺮف ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺣﺪود 13درﺻﺪ )ﺣﺪود 200 ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ( از آﻧﻬﺎ در داﺧﻞ ﮐﺸﻮر ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﻌﺎدل ﺣﺪود 25درﺻﺪ ﺣﺠﻤﯽ و 23 درﺻﺪ رﯾﺎﻟﯽ از ﮐﻞ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ دارو در اﯾﺮان ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻓﻌﻠﯽ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري و ﻣﺄﻣﻮرﯾﺘﯽ آﻣﻮزش ﻋﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر، ﻋﺪم ﺗﺨﺼﯿﺺ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ و ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﮐﺮد و ﺗﺠﺎرت ﺻﻨﻌﺖ داروﯾﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر، راﻫﺒﺮد ﻧﺎدرﺳﺖ ﻧﻈﺎم داروﯾﯽ و ﺑﻬﺮه ﻣﻨﺪي از ﺳﻮد ﮐﻼن، واﮔﺮاﯾﯽ در ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻓﺮا ﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻫﻤﮕﺮا و ﭼﺮﺧﻪاي، ﮐﻢ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻣﻠﯽ و ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه و ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﮐﺸﻮر در ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ، ﺳﯿﮑﻞ ﻣﻌﯿ ﻮب ﻓﻌﻠﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎي داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ از ﻣﻌﻀﻼت ﺻﻨﻌﺖ دارو در ﮐﺸﻮر اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺳﻌﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﺮﺳﯿﻢ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺻﻨﻌﺖ دارو در اﯾﺮان و ﺟﻬﺎن، ﺑﺎ آﺳﯿﺐ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻓﻌﻠﯽ در ﮐﺸﻮر، راﻫﮑﺎري ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮون رﻓﺖ از وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻓﻌﻠﯽ و دﺳﺖ ﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب اراﺋﻪ ﺷﻮد.
چكيده لاتين :
The worldwide pharmaceutical industry market is more than 1.3 trillion dollars per year. With a fingertip calculation, Iran's share based on population percentage, without considering the diversity of plant species, which is twice the size of the European continent, second-largest gas reserves, and third-largest oil reserves, various and extensive petrochemical units in the country, significant mineral resources, 2% share in expanding the frontiers of knowledge and scientific documents and numerous pharmaceutical companies, the global pharmaceutical trade should be more than $ 13 billion per year. However, in the current situation, more than $ 2.5 billion is spent on imports of raw materials and active pharmaceutical ingredients, and Iran's exports are less than $ 100 million per year. According to an official report, about 1,500 molecules or chemical compounds are consumed as raw materials or active pharmaceutical ingredients in Iran, and about 13% (about 200 chemical compounds) of them are produced domestically. This amount of production is equivalent to about 25% by volume and 23% of the entire pharmaceutical industry in Iran. However, the current structural and missionary status of the country's higher education, no allocation research and development share of the cost from the trade of the pharmaceutical industry, the improper strategy of the pharmaceutical system and enjoy large profits, divergence in production processes to convergent and cyclic processes, lack of attention to national interests and the real potentials of the country in production, the incorrect cycle of academic research, are the main factors of the current challenges of the pharmaceutical industry in the country. The present work tries to describe the current state and development prospects of the pharmaceutical industry in Iran and the world and provide a way out of the current situation and achieve the desired status.
