جانمايي بهينه تونل‌هاي غير هم‌سطح با استفاده از يك رويكرد جديد احتمالاتي

Optimal location of non-level tunnels using a new probabilistic approach

يكي از مباحث مهم در طراحي تونل‌هاي غير هم‌سطح، تعيين جانمايي بهينه تونل‌ها نسبت به هم هست. اين موضوع در مناطق متراكم شهري كه اغلب به‌صورت تونل‌هاي غيرمسلح انجام مي‌شود، اهميت بيشتري پيدا مي‌كند. در اين تحقيق به‌منظور جانمايي بهينه از دو عامل نشست سطح زمين و پايداري (ضريب ايمني) تونل‌ها استفاده شده است. جانمايي بهينه تونل‌هاي غير هم‌سطح در شرايط متنوع زمين‌شناسي بايستي از روش‌هاي احتمالاتي و قابليت اعتماد استفاده كرد. از طرفي آگاهي از ميزان تأثير هر يك از پارامترهاي طراحي در مقدار نشست سطح زمين و ضريب ايمني مي‌تواند منجر به كاهش صدمات سازه‌هاي سطحي شود. در اين مقاله از نرم‌افزار المان محدود PLAXIS3D جهت مطالعه حالت‌هاي مختلف تونل‌هاي غير هم‌سطح استفاده شده است. سپس به كمك الگوريتم جستجوي هارموني دو تابع حالت حدي به‌صورت جدا براي ضريب ايمني و حداكثر نشست سطح زمين تخمين زده شده است. در ادامه با استفاده از دو تابع حالت حدي به‌دست‌آمده از مرحله‌ي قبل و روش‌هاي قابليت اعتماد مرتبه اول و شبيه‌سازي مونت‌كارلو در نرم‌افزار RT بهترين جانمايي براي حفر تونل جديد نسبت به تونل قبلي (موجود) بر مبناي داشتن بيشترين ضريب ايمني و كمترين نشست سطح زمين پيشنهاد شده است. نتايج نشان مي‌دهد كه احتمال شكست تونل اول (موجود) تقريباً 0/3 درصد بوده و ازنظر پايداري و عكس‌العمل نسبت به موقعيت بهينه تونل جديد شرايط ايده‌آلي خواهد داشت.

One of the important issues in designing non-level tunnels is determining the optimal location of tunnels relative to each other. In this research, to optimally locate the two factors of land subsidence and stability (safety factor) of tunnels have been used. Optimal placement of non-level tunnels in various geological conditions should use probabilistic methods and reliability. In this paper, PLAXIS3D finite element software is used to study different states of non-level tunnels. Then, using the harmony search algorithm, two limit state functions are estimated separately for the safety factor and maximum ground surface subsidence. Then, using the two limit state functions obtained from the previous step and the first-order reliability methods and the Monte Carlo simulation in RT software, the best location for excavation of the second tunnel in relation to the previous (existing) tunnel is based on having the highest safety factor and lowest ground subsidence. Introduction Due to the complexity of the interaction between the tunnels and also due to the uncertainty in the design parameters, in this paper, using probabilistic analyzes such as the Monte Carlo simulation method and first-order reliability, the optimal stability and placement of non-level tunnels in RT probabilistic software was discussed. Because RT software requires a correct and accurate limit state function, the harmonic search algorithm in MATLAB was used to calculate the stability and also to achieve this limit state function. Methodology and Approaches In this paper, using PLAXIS3D software, the tunnel was modeled in 32 different rock masses and the results are different in each of the 32 rock masses due to the inequality in the input parameters (safety factor and maximum settlement). To evaluate the reliability of the new tunnel excavation (existing sub-tunnel), 32 models which were analyzed by PLAXIS3D software were compared with the predicted model to achieve the lowest settlement rate and the highest safety factor by the harmony search algorithm. The comparison showed good consistency between the model predicted by the harmony search algorithm and the model performed by numerical methods. Therefore, due to the proximity of the performed model and the predicted model, the limit state function is accurate to obtain the probability of failure of the new tunnel. Results and Conclusions According to the results obtained in both Monte Carlo simulation methods and first-order reliability, the probability of failure (approximately 0.33%) and the high-reliability index are shown and the tunnel position is in very good condition. According to the analysis of tunnel random variables by RT software, it was found that the geological durability index is very important and effective. It should be noted that the results of this study show that the reliability methods used in the RT program to stabilize and locate the new tunnel under the existing tunnel can be used as a high-performance method in analyzing underground space problems.