شناسايي و اولويت بندي مولفه هاي نوآوري مدل كسب وكار به روش فراتركيب و آنتروپي شانون

Recognizing and Priority Characteristics of Business Model Innovation Using Meta-Synthesis and Shanon Methods

در ﻋﺼﺮ ﮐﻨﻮﻧﯽ و رﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﻓﺰاﯾﻨﺪه ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﻨﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي ﺗﺠﺎري، ﺑﺤﺚ ﻧﻮآوري اﻫﻤﯿﺖ روزاﻓﺰوﻧﯽ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ و ﻧﻮآوري در ﻣﺪل ﮐﺴﺐ و ﮐﺎر ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﺑﻘﺎ و ﺳﻮدآوري، ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮان و ﻣﺪﯾﺮان ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ، ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ اﺑﻌﺎد ﺧﺎﺻﯽ از ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﻧﻮآوري ﻣﺪل ﮐﺴﺐ و ﮐﺎر را ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار دادهاﻧﺪ، ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ درك ﻋﻤﯿﻖﺗﺮ و ﺟﺎﻣﻊﺗﺮ از اﯾﻦ ﭘﺪﯾﺪه وﺟﻮد دارد. ﻫﺪف از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ اراﺋﻪ ﭼﺎرﭼﻮﺑﯽ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ از ﻧﻮآوري ﻣﺪلﮐﺴﺐوﮐﺎر ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ روﯾﮑﺮد ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر، ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮور ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﯿﮏ ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻣﻮﺿﻮع، ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي WOS و SCOPUS ﮔﺮدآوري ﺷﺪ و ﺑﺎ ﺑﮑﺎرﮔﯿﺮي روش ﻓﺮاﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ، ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ و ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي 42 ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ اﺑﻌﺎد ﻧﻮآوري ﻣﺪل ﮐﺴﺐ و ﮐﺎر ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻮآوري در ﻣﺤﺘﻮا داراي دو زﯾﺮ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﮐﻼن ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ارزش )ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ: ﮐﺸﻒ ارزش، ﺧﻠﻖ ارزش، ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ارزش، ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ ارزش، ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ارزش، ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ داده و داﻧﺶ( و زﯾﺮ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﻧﻮآوري در ﮐﻼن ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي درون ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ )ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ: ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ و داراﯾﯽﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﯿﺪي، ﺷﺎﯾﺴﺘﮕﯽﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﯿﺪي، ﺟﻬﺖﮔﯿﺮي اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋﯾﮏ، ﻫﻤﺴﻮﺳﺎزي ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﯽ((، ﻧﻮآوري در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر )ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ارزش، ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻣﻌﻤﺎري(، ﻧﻮآوري در ﺣﮑﻤﺮاﻧﯽ )ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ: ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ذﯾﻨﻔﻌﺎن، ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻧﻘﺶ ذﯾﻨﻔﻌﺎن، ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ذﯾﻨﻔﻌﺎن، رواﺑﻂ ﻫﻤﮑﺎراﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ذﯾﻨﻔﻌﺎن، ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ذﯾﻨﻔﻌﺎن( و ﻧﻮآوري در ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﻟﯽ )ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ: ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ، ﻣﺪل درآﻣﺪ( ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ اﺑﻌﺎد و ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﻧﻮآوري ﻣﺪل ﮐﺴﺐ و ﮐﺎر ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ روش آﻧﺘﺮوﭘﯽ ﺷﺎﻧﻮن و ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﺗﮑﺮار ﮐﺪﻫﺎ در ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ ارزش، ﻣﺪل درآﻣﺪ و ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ارزش در ﺑﯿﻦ ﻧﻮزده ﻣﻔﻬﻮم، از ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردارﻧﺪ.

Nowadays, the importance of nobility has cumulatively grown among increasing competition between corporations and myriad of researchers and managers gravitate towards business model innovation as the guarantor of profitability and persistence. In spite of various models and frameworks related to business model innovation, no comprehensive model has been proposed so far to recognize and priority characteristics of business model innovation. In order to proposed a framework by systematic literature review of articles indexed in WOS and SCOPUS have been collected and 42 selected articles have been examined, interpreted and eventually combined by means of meta-synthesis method. It was found that the characteristics of business model innovation can be categorized as the overall four frames of innovation in content (including 2 macro-definitions of 1.value chain activities, 2.intra-organizational activities), innovation in structure, innovation in governance and innovation in value capture. Then the importance and priority of characteristics was determined using Shanon method. Eventually, requisite suggestions according to the findings of research have been presented.