ﻣﺮوري ﺑﺮ ﭼﯿﺴﺘﯽ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم اﯾﺜﺎر از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻗﺮآن و ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ آﻣﻮزش آن ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ اﻫﺪاف و ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ

What is the Concept of Self-sacrifice from the Perspective of the Qur'an and how to Teach it with Emphasis on Educational Goals and Content

ﻣﻔﻬﻮم اﯾﺜﺎر در زﻣﺮه ﻋﺎﻟﯽﺗﺮﯾﻦ ارزشﻫﺎي اﺧﻼﻗﯽ اﺛﺮﮔﺬار و ﺣﺮﮐﺖ آﻓﺮﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻗﺎدراﺳﺖ ﻓﻀﺎي ﯾﮏ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ را ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺴﺘﺮده ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﺮار دﻫﺪ و دوام و ﻗﻮام ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﺑﺸﺮي را ﺗﻀﻤﯿﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ وﺟﻮد در ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﺑﺎب ﺿﺮورت و اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم اﯾﺜﺎر ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﻪاي ﺟﺪي وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪارد اﻣﺎ در ﺑﺎب ﭼﯿﺴﺘﯽ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺗﯽ آن اﺧﺘﻼف ﻧﻈﺮاﺗﯽ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻣﯽﺧﻮرد. در ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ، اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺿﻤﻦ اﯾﻀﺎح ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ ارزش اﺧﻼﻗﯽ اﯾﺜﺎر ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس آﯾﺎ ت ﻗﺮآن، اﻫﺪاف و ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم را ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. روشﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮا ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ اﯾﺜﺎر ﯾﮏ ارزش اﺧﻼﻗﯽ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻣﺤﻮري اﺳﺖ و ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ارﮐﺎن آن »ارﺗﺒﺎط« و » ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺧﻮد ﺑﺎ دﯾﮕﺮي« اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﯾﻦ دو رﮐﻦ، اﯾﺜﺎر ﺷﮑﻞ ﺧﺎﺻﯽ از ارﺗﺒﺎط ﯾﮏ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺨﺺ دﯾﮕﺮي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در اﯾﻦ ارﺗﺒﺎط، ﻓﺮد ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎ و ﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﻃﺮف ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ را ﺑﺮ ﺧﻮد ﻣﻘﺪم ﻣﯽدارد. از ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺘﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻧﻬﺎدﯾﻨﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﮐﺮدن ارزش اﯾﺜﺎر در ﻓﺮاﮔﯿﺮان ﻣﻄﻠﻮب اﺳﺖ از اﻟﮕﻮي ﻫﺪف ﮔﺬاري ﺷﺎﯾﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﺤﻮر و روﯾﮑﺮد ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ در ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﺘﻮا اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد.

The concept of self-sacrifice is one of the highest effective and motivating moral values able to affect the atmosphere of a society widely and guarantee the permanence and consistency of human societies. However, while there is no serious dispute about the necessity and importance of the concept of self-sacrifice, there is disagreement about what it is and its operational meaning. In response to this situation, this article intends to explain the concept of the moral value of self-sacrifice based on the verses of the Qur'an, to suggest goals and educational content related to this concept. The research methods used in this article are descriptive semantics and content analysis. The results of the research show that self-sacrifice is a central social moral value and it's most important pillars are relationship and relationship with another. According to these two dimensions, self-sacrifice is a special form of a person's relationship with another person in which the person prioritizes the needs and desires of the others. From an educational point of view, in order to institutionalize the value of self-sacrifice in learners, it is desirable to use a competency-based goal setting model and an integrated approach in content development.