نقش سرمايه انساني پايدار در مديريت خشكسالي اقليمي با استفاده از شاخص‌هاي برازندگي در روستاهاي شهرستان كرمانشاه

The Role of Human Capital in Climatic Drought Management, using Fitness Indicators, in the Villages of Kermanshah District

برخورداري از سرمايه‌هاي انساني پايدار منجر به اتخاذ راهبرد و راهكارهايي مي‌شود كه خانواران روستايي را در برابر مخاطرات به‌ويژه خشكسالي تاب‌آور مي‌سازد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسي نقش سرمايه انساني پايدار در مديريت خشكسالي اقليمي در مناطق روستايي شهرستان كرمانشاه است. تحقيق حاضر از لحاظ هدف (نوع استفاده) يك تحقيق كاربردي است و روش مورداستفاده در اين تحقيق يك روش توصيفي - تحليلي است. جامعه آماري مورد پژوهش شامل كليه كارشناسان مرتبط با موضوع پژوهش در شهرستان كرمانشاه به تعداد 120 نفر هستند. حجم نمونه بر اساس كل سرشماري براي كارشناسان به تعداد 120 نفر انتخاب شدند. ابزار گردآوري داده‌ها شامل دو پرسش‌نامه سرمايه انساني و مديريت خشكسالي بوده و شاخص سرمايه انساني داراي زير شاخص‌هايي هستند كه شامل (تخصص، مهارت و دانش)، است. روايي پرسش‌نامه به شيوه صوري بوده كه به تأييد اساتيد دانشگاهي رسيده و پايايي كل پرسش‌نامه بر اساس آلفاي كرونباخ به ميزان 84/0 بوده و اثبات شده است. داده‌هاي گردآوري شده بر اساس تحليل مسير معادلات ساختاري مورد تجزيه‌وتحليل قرار گرفتند. نتايج نشان داد كه به‌طوركلي سرمايه انساني در مديريت خشكسالي تأثير دارد. در اين ميان زير متغيرهاي سرمايه انساني كه مشتمل بردانش، مهارت و تخصص است نيز بر مديريت خشكسالي تأثير داشته‌اند به‌گونه‌اي كه دانش بر مديريت خشكسالي با ضريب تأثير 26/0 و مقدار معناداري 002/0، مهارت بر مديريت خشكسالي با ضريب تأثير 34/0 و ميزان معناداري 000/0 و تخصص با ضريب تأثير 49/0 و ميزان معناداري 000/0 بر مديريت خشكسالي تأثير داشته‌اند. در اين ميان تخصص داراي بيشترين تأثير و دانش داراي كمترين تأثير بوده است.

Marni Formations have little vegetation in most arid and semi-arid regions due to special physical and chemical properties. The establishment of coverage on them faced several limitations. To properly understand the state of ecosystems in arid and semi-arid regions, it is necessary to understand the dynamic relationship between vegetation and soil. The aim of this study is to identify the established plant species and to investigate the interactive effects of physical-chemical characteristics of erosion-sensitive marl and rangeland vegetation in marl formations in three regions (Taroud Roads, Bakran and Riabad) of Shahroud city; so that after delimiting the marl lands on topographic maps and using geological maps, soil sampling was performed to determine the characteristics and to measure the vegetation canopy. Moderate erodibility in Marni formations in three areas, Taroud Roads, Bakran and Riabad, was done using BLM model. The results show that in general, the erosion status by BLM method in Bakran region with the highest percentage of vegetation is in the lower class and in the area of Taroud Roads and Riabad is in the middle class. The results of correlation between physicochemical indices of soil and vegetation showed that the canopy factor was related to soil factors including gypsum percentage (CaSo4) and clay percentage at 99% and 95% confidence levels, respectively affecting each other. Clay in marl soil of Shahroud city is one of the most important factors that play an important role in the establishment of vegetation. The important point is that in all three regions, there is an abundance and predominant species of Artemisia plain and, without a doubt, this rangeland species can be considered as the most compatible plant species in the areas covered by marl formations. Extended Abstract 1-Introduction Marls and their deposits are the most sensitive geological formations to erosion and destruction and a large part of the erodible areas of Iran are marl formations. Formations with lithology of marl, marlstone, tuff and evaporitic deposits are the formations whose resulting soil is usually unsuitable in terms of physicochemical properties and has low permeability. Therefore, the establishment of vegetation in such soils usually face many limitations, as a result, these formations often lack vegetation or have very poor vegetation. In addition, marl formations play a major role in the phenomenon of desertification, which is more intense in their evaporation type. Marni formations in Shahroud region are sensitive to erosion on the one hand, but on the other hand, due to the high amount of gypsum and salt in them, they cause erosion and transfer of salts downstream of the region. Considering the role of vegetation in controlling soil erosion, the present study was conducted to investigate the important properties of marl soils and identify the dominant plant species on these soils as well as the interactive effects of physicochemical characteristics and vegetation of marl zones in Shahroud.