رويكرد مقايسه اي تمثيلي «بلبل»، «باد صبا» و «گل» در اشعار خاقاني، حافظ و بيدل دهلوي

The allegorical approach of " Nightingale", "the eastern wind", and "rose" in the poems of Khaghani, Hafez and Bidel Dehlavi

ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ روﻳﻜﺮد ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪاي ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠﻲ »ﺑﻠﺒﻞ«، »ﺑﺎد ﺻﺒﺎ« و »ﮔﻞ« در اﺷﻌﺎر ﺧﺎﻗﺎﻧﻲ، ﺣﺎﻓﻆ و ﺑﻴﺪل دﻫﻠﻮي ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. واژهﻫﺎي »ﺑﻠﺒﻞ«، »ﺑﺎد ﺻﺒﺎ« و »ﮔﻞ« اﺿﻼع ﻳﻚ راﺑﻄﻪ اﺣﺴﺎﺳﻲ و ﻋﺎﺷﻘﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ واژه ﺑﻜﺎرﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه در اﺷﻌﺎر اﻳﻦ ﺷﺎﻋﺮان داراي روﻳﻜﺮدي ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠﻲ درﺑﺎره ﻧﻤﺎدﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. اﻫﻤﻴﺖ و ﺿﺮورت اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ از آﻧﺠﺎ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ اﺿﻼع ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ دﻫﻨﺪه اﻳﻦ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻮﺛﺮي ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ در ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ وﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎي ﺷﻌﺮي ﺷﺎﻋﺮاﻧﻲ ﭼﻮن ﺧﺎﻗﺎﻧﻲ، ﺣﺎﻓﻆ و ﺑﻴﺪل دﻫﻠﻮي ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ. اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﮔﺮدآوري ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي و ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ دﻳﻮان اﺷﻌﺎر اﻳﻦ ﺷﻌﺮا و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﭘﻴﺮاﻣﻮﻧﻲ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﺑﻠﺒﻞ، ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﻋﺎﺷﻖ، ﺑﺎد، ﻧﺴﻴﻢ،ﺻﺒﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎد ﺻﺒﺎ ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﻳﻚ راﺑﻂ و ﭘﻴﻐﺎم رﺳﺎن در ﺣﺎل ﺗﺮدد ﻣﻴﺎن ﻋﺎﺷﻖ و ﻣﻌﺸﻮق و ﮔﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻈﻬﺮ زﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠﻲ از ﻣﻌﺸﻮق ﺟﻠﻮه ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﺷﻌﺎر ﺷﺎﻋﺮان ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ از ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ اﻋﻢ از ﺑﺎد، ﺣﻴﻮاﻧﺎت و ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﺑﻪ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻣﻲﺧﻮرد ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﻛﻨﺎﻳﻪ، اﺳﺘﻌﺎره، ﺗﺸﺒﻴﻬﺎت و ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت زﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. اﻳﻦ روﻳﻜﺮد ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠﻲ در اﺷﻌﺎر و ﻏﺰﻟﻴﺎت ﺣﺎﻓﻆ از ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻗﺎﻧﻲ و ﺑﻴﺪل دﻫﻠﻮي ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ. اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ در ﺻﺪد اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ روﻳﻜﺮد ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠﻲ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﺎدﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻛﺎرﻛﺮدﻫﺎي آنﻫﺎ در اﺷﻌﺎر اﻳﻦ ﺷﺎﻋﺮان ﺑﭙﺮدازد.

The terms "nightingale", "the eastern wind", and "rose" are three gones of an emotional,romantic relationship that has been used by poets through different eras. The common elements of the three is the fact that they exist in the nature. These three term used in the poems of poets have symbolic significance and metaphorical approach. The nightingale as the symbole of lover or poaetic "I" , wind, breathe, Saba or eastern wind as the mesenger in commute between lover (the nightingale) and beloved (rose) as the symbol of beauty or projection of beloved. In Persian literature ,specially in versed works, and in the works of three mentioned poet in present study (Khaghani, Hafiz, Bidel Dehlavi) there are plenty of natural elements such as wind, funa, and flora which are accompanied by beautiful ironies, metaphors, similies, and combinations. Allegorical approach of these elements is more prominent in hafiz poems in comparison with the two other Aforementioned sonneteers. Considering the various functions, this study aimed to investigate the allegorical approach of these symbols and compare their functions in the poems of the three poets.