چكيده فارسي :
ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ و ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﻈﺮي و ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﯽ ﺧﺎﺻﯽ ﮐﻪ اﯾـﻦ ﻋﻠـﻮم ﺑـﺮ آﻧﻬـﺎ ﻣﺒﺘﻨـﯽ ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ، از ﻣﻬـﻢ ﺗـﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺰد ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن اﺳﺖ. ﻣﺴﺌﻠﮥ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐـﻪ اﮔـﺮ ﺑﻨـﺎ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻋﻠـﻮم اﻧﺴـﺎﻧﯽ ﺑـﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ، ﺑﺮ ﮐﺪام ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ اﺑﺘﻨـﺎ دارﻧـﺪ، اﯾـﻦ ﻣﺒـﺎﻧﯽ داراي ﭼـﻪ ﻣﺨﺘﺼـﺎﺗﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، و ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ در ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ اﯾﻦ ﻋﻠﻮم اﺛﺮ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺬارﻧﺪ. دﺳﺘﺎوردﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨـﺪ از: 1. ﻣﻬــﻢ ﺗــﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺒــﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻌﺮﻓــﺖ ﺷــﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽِ ﻋﻠــﻮم اﻧﺴــﺎﻧﯽ در روﯾﮑـ ـﺮد اﺳــﻼﻣﯽ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨــﺪ از: »واﻗــﻊ ﮔﺮاﯾــﯽ«، »ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ ﮔﺮاﯾـﯽ «، »ﻣﺒﻨـﺎﮔﺮاﯾﯽ «، »ﯾﻘـﯿﻦ ﮔﺮاﯾـﯽ « و »ﻋﻘـﻞ ﮔﺮاﯾـﯽ «؛ 2. اﯾـﻦ ﭘـﻨﺞ ﻣﺒﻨـﺎ، داراي ﺧﺼﻮﺻـﯿﺖ »ﺷﺒﮑﻪ «اي ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﮐﻪ از ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ و ﺑﺮ ﻫﻢ اﺛﺮ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺬارﻧﺪ ﯾﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺒﯿﺮي، داراي رﺑـﻂ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ و ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ؛ و 3. ﺑﺎ اﺷﺮاب اﯾﻦ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ در ﻋﻠـﻮم اﻧﺴـﺎﻧﯽ، ﻧﯿـﺰ ﺑـﺎ ﻧﻈﺮداﺷـﺖ »اﺑﺰارﻫـﺎ و ﻣﺮاﺗـﺐ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺖ« ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه ﻣﻌﺎرف ﻋﻘﻠﯽ و ﺷﻬﻮدي، ﻫﻤﯿﻨﻄﻮر ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﯿﺮي از »ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺖ« ﺑـﻪ وﯾـﮋه ﻣﺘـﻮن دﯾﻨـﯽ و »ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺗﻔﮑﺮ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﺜﺮﮔﺮاﯾﯽ و ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﯽ«، ﻧﻈﺮﮔـﺎه ﻫـﺎي ﻣﺘﻔـﺎوﺗﯽ در ﻋﻠـﻮم اﻧﺴـﺎﻧﯽ - ﺑـﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻫﺎي ﻏﺮﺑﯽ- ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ آﻣﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان در ﻻﯾﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ از ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻋﻠـﻮم اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﺳﺨﻦ ﮔﻔﺖ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، درﺻﺪد اراﺋﮥ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻔﯽ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ از ﻋﻠﻮم اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ و ﺗﺒﯿـﯿﻦ ﻣﺒـﺎﻧﯽ و ﻣﺨﺘﺼـﺎت ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻋﻠﻮم، ﺑﺎ روش ﻋﻘﻠﯽ- ﻓﻠﺴﻔﯽ اﺳﺖ.
چكيده لاتين :
The definition of humanities and the specific theoretical and epistemic principles on which these sciences are based, are among the most important topics for the researchers. The issue of the present study is that if the humanities are to be produced by an Islamic approach, on what epistemological principles are they based, what are the characteristics of these principles, and how do they affect the production process of these sciences. The achievements of the present study are: 1. the most important epistemological principles of humanities in the Islamic approach are: "realism", "theory of correspondence", "foundationalism", "certainness" and "rationalism"; 2. these five principles have a network characteristic, meaning that these principles derive from each other and affect each other, or in other words, they have a logical and interactive relationship; 3. as a result of generalizing these principles in the humanities, also with regard to "instruments and levels of knowledge", especially reason and rational perception, as well as intuitive perception and esoteric findings, as well as "sources of knowledge" especially religious texts, and "encounter of Islamic thought with epistemological pluralism and relativism", different views will be formed in the humanities compared to Western views, and based on this, we can speak in different layers of the production of humanities in Islamic approach. The present study seeks to provide a new definition of the humanities and explain the epistemological principles and characteristics of these sciences using a rational-philosophical method.
