ﺟﺴﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ وﯾﻠﯿﺎم ﭼﯿﺘﯿﮏ در ادب ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﯽ

William Chittick's Epistemological Studies In Mystical literature

ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﮔﺰارهﻫﺎي ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﯽ در ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪاي از آﺛﺎر ﻣﻮﻟﻮي و اﺑﻦ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ از ﻧﻈﺮ وﯾﻠﯿﺎم ﭼﯿﺘﯿﮏ ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﺟﺴﺘﺎر اﺳﺖ. »ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ« و »ﺗﻘﻠﯿﺪ« دو راﻫﺒﺮد ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐـﻪ در ﻣﺘـﻮن ﻣﺘﻘـﺪم و ﻣﺘـﺄﺧﺮ رد ﭘﺎي ﺧﻮد را ﺑﺮ ﺟﺎي ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻪ و در ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻮدهاﻧﺪ. ﺣﻮزة ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮ از اﯾـﻦ دو ﻋﻠﻮم ﻋﻘﻠﯽ و ﻧﻘﻠﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻋﺮﻓﺎن ﭘﮋوﻫﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ وﯾﻠﯿـﺎم ﭼﯿﺘﯿـﮏ را ﻣﺘﻮﺟـﻪ ﺧـﻮد ﮐـﺮده و ﻫﺮﮐـﺪام ﺷـﯿﻮه ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺧﻮد را داراﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﮔﺰارش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ - ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﭼﯿﺘﯿﮏ ﺑﺎ روﺷﯽ ﭘﺎرادوﮐﺴﯿﮑﺎل ﻋﻘﻞ را در ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﻌﺎرﻓﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ ﻣﯽآورد ﻣﻘﻠّﺪ و ﻋﻘﻼﻧﯽﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﺗﻘﻠﯿﺪ را ﮐﻪ ﺗﺒﻌﯿـﺖ از ﺧﺪاﺳـﺖ ﻣﻮﺟـﻪ ﻣﯽداﻧﺪ. او ﻣﯽﮐﻮﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ از ﻣﯿﺮاث ادﺑﯽ و ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﻼم ﺑﺮاي اﺣﯿﺎي ﺳـﻨﺖ ﻋﻘﻠـﯽ ﺳـﻮد ﺑـﺮده و در ﻣﻘـﺎم ﻧﻘـﺪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﺪرن، ﺑﻪ ﻧﻔﺲ از دﺳﺖ رﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ و وﺟﻮد آدﻣﯽ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻮﻟﻮي اﺷﺎره ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﺗﻘﻠﯿﺪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﺎر ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و در آﻣﻮزهﻫﺎي اﺑﻦ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﻫﻢ ﺗﻘﻠﯿﺪ را اﻣﺮي ﻧﺎﮔﺰﯾﺮ در روﻧﺪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ و ﺗﻨﻬﺎ از ﺧﺪا داﻧﺴﺘﻪ و راه ﺗﻔﮑﺮ و ﺗﻌﻘﻞ ﺧﻼق را ﺑﺎز ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ آراي ﭼﯿﺘﯿﮏ در اﯾﻦ ﺑﺎره و ﻧﯿﺰ در ﻧﻘـﺪ ﻣﺪرﻧﯿﺘـﻪ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﻧﻘـﺪ اﺳﺖ و ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎره اي از آﻧﻬﺎ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

The epistemological study of the propositions of mystical literature such as Rumi and Ibn Arabi’s Sufism as William Chittick understood, has been considered in this paper. "Research" and "imitation" are two cognitive strategies that have left their effect in earlier and later texts and have also been discussed in contemporary epistemology. The field is influenced by these two intellectual and narrative sciences, which have attracted the attention of scholars like William Chittick, and each one has its own appropriate method. This descriptive-analytical report shows that Chittick, in a paradoxical way, justifies the imitation in all the cognitions he acquires and the most rational stream of imitation, which is obedience to God. He tries to use the Islamic literary and mystical heritage to revive the intellectual tradition, and as a critique of modern epistemology, he points to the lack of cognition and existence, from Rumi’s view which is trapped in imitation and in the teachings of Ibn Arabi also make imitation an inevitable issue in the process of cognition and considering only God and open the way for creative thinking and reasoning. Although Chittick's opinions can be criticized in this regard as well as in the criticism of modernity, and some of them have been discussed in this article.