ﺿﺮورت ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮي در ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﭘﻮﭘﺮ در ﺳﺎﯾﮥ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻧﮕﺮش او ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ داروﯾﻨﯿﺴﻢ

The necessity of reconstruct in Popper's epistemology in the light of changing in his attitude towards Darwinism

ﻓﻬﻢ ﻣﺎ از ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻓﮑﺮي ﭘﻮﭘﺮ درﺑﺎرة ﺗﮑﺎﻣﻞ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﺎ را در آﺷﮑﺎرﺳﺎزي ﺑﺮﺧﯽ زواﯾﺎي ﻣﻐﻔـﻮل از ﻧﻈـﺎم ﻓﮑﺮي وي ﯾﺎري دﻫﺪ. دﻋﻮي ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از آراء ﭘﻮﭘﺮ در ﻃﻮل ﺣﯿﺎت ﻓﮑﺮي وي ﺑـﻪ ﺗﻨﺎﺳـﺐ روﯾﮑـﺮد وي ﺑﻪ ﺗﮑﺎﻣﻞ، دﭼﺎر دﮔﺮﮔﻮﻧﯽ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. از اﻣﮑﺎن ﻋﺪم ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي ﺻﺪق و ﮐﺬب در آراء اوﻟﯿﻪ، ﺗﺎ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﺑـﺮ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺻﺪق و ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ، و ﺳﺮاﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺬار ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﻧﮕﺎه ﮔﺰارهﻣﺤﻮر ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ دﯾـﺪﮔﺎه ﻫـﺎي ﺗﮑـﺎﻣﻠﯽِ ﻏﯿﺮﮔﺰاره اي، ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اي از اﯾﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻓﮑﺮي ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﯽ آﯾﻨﺪ. در ﭘﻮﭘﺮ ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ رﺟـﻮع ﺑـﻪ دﯾـﺪﮔﺎه ﺗﮑـﺎﻣﻠﯽ، اﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻮاﻧﺸﯽ ﺧﺎص، ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ. اﯾﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎ و ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺠﯽ را ﺑﺮاي ﻧﻈﺎم ﻓﮑﺮي ﭘـﻮ ﭘﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﺧﺼـﻮص در ﺣـﻮزة ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎر ﻣﯽ آورد. از ﺳﻮي دﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ آراء ﭘﻮﭘﺮ ﮐﻪ در آن ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺤﻮر و ﻧﺘﯿﺠـﻪ اي ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﯾﮏ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﮑﺎﻣﻞ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﻣﺤﺼـﻮل ﯾـﮏ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨـﺪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ دﻋﻮﺗﯽ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي ﻧﻈﺎم ﻓﻠﺴﻔﯽ ﭘﻮﭘﺮ در ﺳﺎﯾﮥ ﻓﻬﻢ او از ﺧـﻮاﻧﺶ ﺑـﺪﯾﻊ وي از ﺗﮑﺎﻣـﻞ؛ ﺧﻮاﻧﺸﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﻧﻮﯾﻦ در زﯾﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺗﮑﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﻫﻤﻨﻮاﺳﺖ.

Our understanding of changes that occurred in Popper's thought on biological evolution can help us to discover some neglected aspects of his philosophical system. The article argues that some of Popper's epistemological views have changed over his intellectual life on his attitude towards evolution. These intellectual changes have been occurred from the belief in the possibility of not using truth and falsehood in his initial opinions, to emphasizing the issue of truth and truthfulness in his middle career, and finally moving more and more from a proposition-oriented perspective to non-propositional evolutionary perspectives in his late life. In later Popper, we see a mature evolutionary perspective that is original, and completely different from his earlier reading of Darwinism. These changes have consequences for Popper's thought system, especially in the field of epistemology. On the other hand, the originality of Popper’s reading of Darwinism is rooted in some of his philosophical thoughts. Per Popper's view adaptation is produced as the result of a problem-solving process and biological evolution is the product of an epistemological process. The article is an attention to the reconstruction of Popper's philosophical system in the light of his understanding of his invented reading of evolution; a reading that is conform to some of the new developments in evolutionary biology.