چالش‌هاي مراكز مراقبت بعد از خروج در پيشگيري از تكرار بزهكاري توسط مددجويان

Pathology of post-departure care center policies to prevent recidivism

ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻧﺮخ ﺑﺰﻫﮑﺎري و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻌﺪاد زﻧﺪاﻧﯿﺎن، ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﺴﺎﮐﯿﻔﺮي در راﺳﺘﺎي ﺑﺎزﭘﺮوري ﻣﺠﺮﻣﺎن ﻣﻮردﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﻪﻃﻮرﮐﻠﯽ ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي از ﺗﮑﺮار ﺟﺮم و ﻟﺰوم ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ از اﻗﺸﺎر آﺳﯿﺐدﯾﺪه، اﺗﺨﺎذ ﺗﺪاﺑﯿﺮ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ از اﻋﻤﺎل ﮐﯿﻔﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺠﺮﻣﺎن را ﺗﻮﺟﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ آﺳﯿﺐﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺧﺮوج درزﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي از ﺗﮑﺮار ﺑﺰﻫﮑﺎري ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺳﺆال اﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ آﯾﺎ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺧﺮوج ﺑﻪ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺘﯽ ﮐﻪ در اﯾﺮان اﯾﺠﺎدﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ، ﺑﺮ ﻋﺪم ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ ﻣﺪدﺟﻮﯾﺎن ﺑﻪ زﻧﺪان ﻣﺆﺛﺮ اﺳﺖ؟ ﺣﺎل در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ، ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺧﺮوج را ﻣﻮرد اﻣﻌﺎنﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار داده و اﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺻﻤﯿﻤﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺪدﺟﻮﯾﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪدﮐﺎران، ﻫﻢ در دوران ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري در ﮐﺎﻧﻮن و ﻫﻢ ﭘﺲ از آن، ﻣﺪدﺟﻮﯾﺎن را در ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﮐﻤﮏ ﮐﺮده و ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻋﺪم ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ آنﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻧﻮن اﺻﻼح و ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ اﻣﺎ در ﺣﺎل ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻠﯽ ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﻣﺎﻟﯽ و ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻗﺐ آن، ﺗﺨﺼﯿﺺ ﻧﺪادن ﺑﻮدﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ، اﯾﻦ ﻧﻬﺎد ﺑﯿﺶازﭘﯿﺶ ﺿﻌﯿﻒ ﺷﺪه و ﻧﻤﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮي ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ زﯾﺎد زﻧﺪاﻧﯿﺎن و ﺳﺎﻣﺎن ﺑﺨﺸﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ آﻧﺎن، ﭘﺲ از ﺧﺮوج از زﻧﺪان ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ اﯾﻦ ﻧﻬﺎد، ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺠﺎم وﻇﺎﯾﻒ ﺧﻮد، ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ و ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﺳﻮي دوﻟﺖ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of the care center after the release of prisoners in preventing recurrence of crime and also the challenges that the establishment of these centers in the country faces. The main question of the present study is whether the post-discharge care center, as established in Iran, is effective in preventing clients from returning to prison? Now, in this research, from a descriptive and analytical point of view, the functions, philosophy of existence and the main duties of the care department after leaving the prisons organization and the security measures of the country were examined. The results of the study showed that the indicators of satisfaction with the loan amount, easy receipt of the loan, satisfaction with the facilities after leaving, satisfaction with the supervision and control of the care department, cordial relations with employees after release, helpers' relations before release, grounding and communication Clients and assistants, recognizing the demands and expectations of clients, having a healthy social life and satisfaction with the social status of the client's job are effective in preventing clients from returning to prison. Overall, based on the results of the present study, it is clear that the actions and activities of the post-discharge care unit during the last two decades have significant effects on the rehabilitation and training of prisoners throughout the country and their return to society and It has a healthy life, but due to the high number of prisoners and also the social and economic crises in the society, it seems that this office needs more attention and support from the authorities and allocation of funds to improve and develop measures and increase its performance.