شناسايي مولفه‌هاي علوم شناختي موثر بر مدل نظام آموزشي (مطالعه موردي: مراكز پيش‌دبستاني)

Identifying the components of cognitive sciences affecting the model of the educational system (Case study: preschool centers)

ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﻋﻠﻮم ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺪل ﻧﻈﺎم آﻣﻮزﺷـﯽ ﻣﺮاﮐـﺰ ﭘـﯿﺶ دﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ. از آن ﺟﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﯽ ﺻﺮﻓﺎ ﮐﺸﻒ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ، ﺑﻠﮑـﻪ آزﻣﻮدن و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد داﻧﺶ اﺳﺖ، ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ روش اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﺪف ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي اﺳﺖ و ﺑﻪ روش اﮐﺘﺸﺎﻓﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺤﻮه ﮔﺮدآوري داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ روش ﮐﻤﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ و اﺑﺰار ﮔﺮد آوري داده ﻫﺎ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻟﺬا ﺑﺮ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ اﺳﺎس، ﺗﻌﺪاد 292ﻧﻔﺮ از ﻣﺪﯾﺮان، ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن و ﮐﺎرﮐﻨـﺎن ﻣﺮاﮐـﺰ ﭘﯿﺶدﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ در ﻧﻈﺎم آﻣﻮزش و ﭘﺮورش اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﻤﮑﺎري ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪه، ﺑﻪ دو روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ و اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﯽ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻧﺮم اﻓـﺰار SPSS 16 و Smart PLS اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺲ از اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸـﺎن داد ﮐـﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔـﻪﻫﺎي: آﻣـﻮزش ﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ، وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ، ﻣﺸﺎوره ﺗﺤﺼـﯿﻠﯽ ﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ، ﺳـﺒﮏ رﻫﺒـﺮي و ﻣـﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ، ﻣﺤﺘـﻮاي آﻣـﻮزش ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ، ﻓﻀﺎ و ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰات آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ، و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ روشﻫﺎي آﻣﻮزش ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد ﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ؛ ﺗﺤـﺖ ﻋﻨـﻮان ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﻧﻈﺎم آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ روﯾﮑﺮد ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ در ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ ﭘﯿﺶدﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ؛ ﻣـﻮرد ﺗﺎﺋﯿـﺪ ﻗـﺮار ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ. آزﻣﻮن ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮازش ﻣﺪل، ﻧﺸﺎن از اﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﺪل داﺷﺖ.

The aim of this study is to identify the components of cognitive sciences affecting the model of the educational system (Case study: preschool centers). Since in applied research, the main goal is not only scientific discovery, but also to test and study the application of knowledge, so the method of this research is applied in terms of purpose and has been done by exploratory method. The data collection method is quantitative and the data collection tool is a questionnaire. Therefore, 292 principals, teachers and staff of preschool centers in the primary education system of Tehran participated in this study. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential methods through SPSS 16 and Smart PLS software. After conducting the research, the results showed that the components: cognitive education, psychological characteristics, cognitive academic counseling, leadership and management style, cognitive educational content, educational space and equipment, and finally teaching methods with cognitive approach; Under the heading of components of the educational system based on cognitive approach in preschool centers; Approved. Model fit tests showed the validity of the model.