تدوين الگوي نظام آموزشي مبتني برتوسعه نگرش كارآفرينانه هنرآموزان هنرستان هاي شهر تهران

Developing amodel oftheeducational system based on the entrepreneurial attitude of art students in conservatories in Tehran

ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ اﻟﮕﻮي ﻧﻈﺎم آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻧﮕﺮش ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﻨﺮ آﻣﻮزان ﻫﻨﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان ﺑﻮد و اﯾﻦ ﺳﻮال را ﻣﻄﺮح ﮐﺮد ﮐﻪ ﭼﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﯽ در ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ اﻟﮕﻮي ﻧﻈﺎم آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻧﮕﺮش ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﺎﻧﻪ اﺛﺮ دارد؟.ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ روش اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﺪف ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي اﺳﺖ وﺑﻪ روش اﮐﺘﺸﺎﻓﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺤﻮه ﮔﺮدآوري داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ روش آﻣﯿﺨﺘﻪ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ-ﮐﻤﯽ( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ واﺑﺰار ﮔﺮدآوري داده ﻫﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن ﺑﺎاﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ وﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري)درﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ( ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 24ﻧﻔﺮ از اﺳﺎﺗﯿﺪ ﺧﺒﺮه و ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن اﯾﻦ ﺣﻮزه ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ) در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﻤﯽ( ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮان، ﻣﻌﺎوﻧﯿﻦ وﻣﺮﺑﯿﺎن ﻫﻨﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد 1480ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ آﻣﺎري ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس ﺗﻌﺪاد 305ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ. دراﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪه ،ﺑﻪ دو روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ واﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﯽ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار Smart PLS SPSSو,اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ .ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي: آﻣﻮزش ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﺎﻧﻪ، روﺣﯿﻪ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ )وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﻫﻨﺮﺟﻮﯾﺎن(، ﻣﺸﺎوره ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ و ﺷﻐﻠﯽ، ﺳﺒﮏ رﻫﺒﺮي و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻫﻨﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎ، ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ و ﺗﺠﺎرت، ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي آﻣﻮزش ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ، ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ در ﻓﺮاﮔﯿﺮان، ﻓﻀﺎ و ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰات آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ، و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ روشﻫﺎي آﻣﻮزش ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ؛ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻈﺎم آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻧﮕﺮش ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﻨﺮ آﻣﻮزان ﻫﻨﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺎﺋﯿﺪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و آزﻣﻮن ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮازش اﻟﮕﻮ ، ﻧﺸﺎن از اﻋﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﮕﻮ داﺷﺖ

The purpose of this research was to design an educational system model based on the development of entrepreneurial attitude of art students in conservatories in Tehran and raised the question, what factors are effective in designing an educational system model based on the development of entrepreneurial attitude? Therefore, the method of this research is practical in terms of its purpose and An exploratory method has been carried out in this research, the method of data collection is a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative) and the data collection tool is interviews with experts by conducting semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. The statistical population (in the qualitative section) includes 24 expert professors and specialists. This was the field. (in the quantitative part) the statistical population of the research includes all managers, assistants and teachers of conservatories in Tehran which was 1480 people. The statistical sample was also selected according to Cochran's formula, based on which 305 people were selected as a sample. In this research, the analysis of the collected data was done in two descriptive and inferential methods through SPSS Smart PLS software. The results of the research showed the components: entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurial spirit (psychological characteristics of students), academic and career counseling, style Leadership and management of conservatories, communication with industry and business, content of entrepreneurship education, development of entrepreneurship skills in learners, educational space and equipment, and finally entrepreneurship education methods; T