بررسي موانع جامعه‌شناختي رقابت سياسي در جمهوري اسلامي ايران با تأكيد بر ضعف ساختار حزبي

Study of Sociological Obstacles Political Competition in Islamic Republic of Iran

ﺟﻤﻬﻮري اﺳﻼﻣﯽ از اﺑﺘﺪا ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﯿﻪ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻧﻈﺎمﺳﺎزي دﻣﻮﮐﺮاﺗﯿﮏ؛ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﮔﺰاري رﻓﺮاﻧﺪوم ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و ﭘﺲ از آن ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﮔﺰاري اﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎت در ﻃﻮل اﯾﻦ ﺳﺎلﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻼﯾﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﻼك ﺣﺎﮐﻤﯿﺖ در ﺟﻤﻬﻮري اﺳﻼﻣﯽ رأي ﻣﺮدم اﺳﺖ. ﻧﮕﺎرﻧﺪهي ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻫﺪف ﺧﻮد را ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﮔﺬارده و ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ؛ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺟﻮاﻧﺐ آن در ﺑﺎب اﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎت را در ﺧﻮد ﺟﺎي دﻫﺪ. ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ واژه در اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ رﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﻮده ﮐﻪ اﺧﯿﺮا ﺑﻪﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﺧﻮد را در ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎت ﻧﺸﺎن داده، وﻟﯽ ﻧﺘﻮاﻧﺴﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯽ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﯽ را در ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ از ﺧﻮد ﺑﻪﺟﺎي ﺑﮕﺬارد. ﺳﺆال اﺻﻠﯽ ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ رﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ در اﯾﺮان ﮐﺪاماﻧﺪ؟ روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎندﻫﻨﺪه آن اﺳﺖ، ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري، وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﭼﻮن وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ، ﻧﺒﻮد ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ، ﻧﺒﻮد رﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ، ﻧﺒﻮد ﺗﺤﺰبﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ آن اﺳﺖ.

The Islamic Republic of Iran was formed by holding a referendum based on parameters of democratic systematization and then afterward during all these years by holding different elections with various tastes it has proved that the criterion of sovereignty in the Islamic Republic of Iran is people’s vote. The researcher’s purpose is to study this topic which includes different aspects of the election. The best term in this field was a political competition that has shown itself in all recent elections, but it hasn’t been able to find its certain legal place among the laws. The main question is based on what the most important sociological obstacles of political competitions are in Iran. This is a descriptive-analytical study, and its results showed that in addition to structural obstacles, sociological features such as historical features, lack of political culture, lack of political competition, and lack of partisanship are among the most significant characteristics.