شرايط و آثارحاكم بر تعيين خواسته و بهاي آن در حقوق ايران و فرانسه

Conditions and Effects of the Ruler on Determining the Demand and its Price in Iranian and French law

ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻪ و ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ آن را ﻣﯽﺗﻮان در ﺣﻘﻮق ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن اﯾﺮان و ﻓﺮاﻧﺴﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار داد؛ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻪ و ﺑﻬﺎي آن در دﻋﺎوي ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان رﮐﻦ اﺻﻠﯽ و اﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﻫﺮ دادﺧﻮاﺳﺘﯽ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻫﺪف از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ و آﺛﺎر ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻪ در ﺣﻘﻮق اﯾﺮان و ﻓﺮاﻧﺴﻪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮدآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﯾﺎ ﻏﯿﺮﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﻮدن ﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻪ، ﻣﻌﯿﺎر و ﻣﻼك ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻬﺎي ﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻪ، ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻪ و... از ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻬﻤﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ درﺳﺖ آن ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺗﺤﻮﻻﺗﯽ در روﻧﺪ دادرﺳﯽ اﯾﺠﺎد ﮐﻨﺪ. در ﺣﻘﻮق ﻓﺮاﻧﺴﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻪ و ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ آن را از اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار داﻧﺴﺖ و اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع در ﻣﺎدهي 1128 ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﺪﻧﯽ ﻓﺮاﻧﺴﻪ ﻣﻮرد اﺷﺎره ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﻣﻌﯿﺎر و ﺿﺎﺑﻄﻪي ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻪ و ﺑﻬﺎي آن »ﻗﺎﺑﻞ داد و ﺳﺘﺪ ﺑﻮدن« آن ﻋﻨﻮان ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ.

The subject of the request and its determination can be studied in jurisprudential texts and the law of some countries such as Iran and France. Determining the claim and its price in legal claims is a very important issue that is also known as the main and basic element of any lawsuit. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the conditions and effects of determining the demand in Iranian and French law which has been studied in legal dimensions. The authors have used descriptive-analytical and library collection methods. Financial or non-financial demand, the criteria for evaluating the demand price, and the rules of demand determination are very important issues that can be examined. In French law, the demand and its determination can be considered important, and this issue is mentioned in Article 1128 of the French Civil Code, and the criterion and criterion for evaluating the demand and its price is its "tradability".