منابع احزاب اپوزيسيون در روند توسعه سياسي (مطالعه موردي: حزب گوران در اقليم كردستان عراق)

The Sources of Opposition Parties in the Process of Political Development (Case Study: Goran Party in Kurdistan Region of Iraq)

اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﮐﺮدﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﯿﺶ از 600 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮز ﻣﺸﺘﺮك ﺑﺎ اﯾﺮان دارد ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ و در ﺣﻮزه دﻣﻮﮐﺮاﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ و ﺗﺄﺛﺮي ﻋﻤﯿﻖ ﺑﺮ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ دارﻧﺪ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺷﮑﻞﮔﯿﺮي اﭘﻮزﯾﺴﯿﻮن ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ در اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﮐﺮدﺳﺘﺎن ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ-اي از ﮔﺬار اﯾﻦ اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮي دﻣﻮﮐﺮاﺳﯽ اﺳﺖ ﯾﺎ اﻗﺘﺪارﻃﻠﺒﯽ؟ ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪ ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ ﺑﺎورﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺑﺮآﻣﺪن اﭘﻮزﺳﯿﻮن در اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﮐﺮدﺳﺘﺎن ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪاي از دﻣﻮﮐﺮاﺳﯽ ﺣﺪاﻗﻠﯽ در اﯾﻦ اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﺑﻮده اﻣﺎ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ، ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ و ﺗﻀﻌﯿﻒ آن دﻟﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر و ﮐﺎرﮐﺮد اﻗﺘﺪارﻃﻠﺒﺎﻧﻪ دو ﺣﺰب اﺻﻠﯽ اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﮐﺮدﺳﺘﺎن اﺳﺖ. روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻧﻮع ﮐﯿﻔﯽ )اﺳﻨﺎدي-ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي( اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﯾﻦ واﻗﻌﯿﺖ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺷﮑﻞﮔﯿﺮي اﭘﻮزﯾﺴﯿﻮن ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ در اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﮐﺮدﺳﺘﺎن واﮐﻨﺸﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﮐﻤﯿﺖ اﻗﺘﺪارﻃﻠﺒﯽ ﺑﻮده، اﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪاي از ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﮐﺮدي ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮي ﻧﻮﻋﯽ ﭘﻠﻮراﻟﯿﺴﻢ ﺣﺰﺑﯽ و ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ در اﯾﻦ اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ.

The Kurdistan region has more than 600 kilometers of common border with Iran, which are culturally and historically compatible and have a deep influence on each other in the field of democracy. The question of the research includes: is the formation of political opposition in the Kurdistan region a sign of the transition of this region towards democracy or authoritarianism? The hypothesis suggests although the emergence of the opposition is a sign of minimal democracy, its formation, stabilization, and weakening are proof of the authoritarian structure and functioning of the two main parties in this region. The research method is qualitative (library documents). The results show that the formation of the political opposition in the region was a reaction to the authoritarian rule, but at the same time, it was a sign of the movement of the Kurdish society towards a kind of political and party pluralism.