مطالعه تطبيقي اصول و ويژگي هاي عدالتِ ترميمي در سند بين‌الملّلي ترميميِ سازمان ملّل با الگوي هاي سياستِ ترميمي در قرآن كريم

A Comparative Study of the Principles and Features of Restorative Justice in the UN Restoration International Document, with Patterns of Restorative Policy in the Holy Quran

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه: واﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در در اواﺧﺮ ﺳﺪهي ﺑﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﯿﻼدي و ﺑﺎ ﮐﻢ رﻧﮓ ﺷﺪن ﻧﻘﺶ ﺗﻔﮑﺮ ﻣﮑﺎﺗﺐ ﮐﯿﻔﺮﮔﺮا در ﻣﻘﺎمِ ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﭘﺎﺳﺦدﻫﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮم، زﻣﯿﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﺷﮑﻞﮔﯿﺮي ﻧﻮﻋﯽ از ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ ﺑﻪ وﺳﯿﻠﻪ اﺻﻼحﻃﻠﺒﺎنِ ﺣﻘﻮق ﮐﯿﻔﺮي ﭘﺪﯾﺪار ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﺳﺎزيِ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ - ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪاي ﺑﻨﺎم ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ ﺗﺮﻣﯿﻤﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع از ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﯽ ﺧﻮد، داراي ﯾﮏ ﺳﺮي اﺻﻮل و وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾﺰ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي، ﺑﺎ روش ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪاي و ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ اﯾﻦ اﺻﻮل و وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎ در ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﻨﺪ ﺗﺮﻣﯿﻤﯽ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﻠّﻞ )UN(، ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮان اﺻﻮل ﺑﻨﯿﺎدﯾﻦ ﺑﮑﺎرﮔﯿﺮي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ ﺗﺮﻣﯿﻤﯽ در اﻣﻮر ﮐﯿﻔﺮي ﺑﺎ آﻧﭽﻪ در آﯾﺎت اﻟﻬﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ اﺻﻮل و وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻗﺮآﻧﯽ دارﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻟﯽ ﺑﺮآﻣﺪه از ﯾﮏ ﺳﻨﺪ ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ داﻧﺶ ﺟﺮم ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ.

It is a certain fact that at the end of the 20th century, with the diminution of the role of the penal schools of thought in the process of responding to crime, the grounds for the formation of a type of justice emerged by the reformers of criminal law. which led to the scientific-legal conceptualization of an idea called restorative justice. This type of justice has a series of distinctive principles and characteristics based on its specific elements. The present research, using library resources, with a comparative method and with the aim of comparing these principles and features in the most important restorative document of the United Nations (UN) under the title of the fundamental principles of applying restorative justice programs in criminal matters with what is in the divine verses, has been done. The findings of the research indicate that these principles and features are more of a Quranic title than a product of an international knowledge document of criminology.