آسيب شناسي برنامه ها و الگوهاي رفاهي؛ با تأكيد بر نظام تأمين رفاه اجتماعي ايران

Pathology of Welfare Programs and Patterns (Case Study: Iran's Social Welfare System)

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮوع ﭘﺪﯾﺪه ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪي در ﺟﻬﺎن اﻏﻠﺐ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﺟﻬﺎن ﺑﺎ رﺻﺪ ﻣﺪاوم ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎ، وﺿﻌﯿﺖ رﻓﺎه اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، اﻣﻨﯿﺖ و رﻓﺎه اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺟﺴﻤﺎﻧﯽ - رواﻧﯽ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان و ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﯿﻦ آنﻫﺎ در ﺣﺎل اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي دﯾﺪهﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪي و ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪي ﻓﻌﺎل را از ﻫﻤﯿﻦ زاوﯾﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﮐﺮد. ﮐﺸﻮر اﯾﺮان ﻧﯿﺰ از دﻫﮥ 80 ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ-ﮔﺬاري در اﯾﻦ ﺣﻮزه را آﻏﺎز و از دﻫﻪ 90، ﺑﺤﺚ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪي از ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺟﺪي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﮔﺬاري ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺘﯽ در اﯾﺮان ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪي در اﯾﺮان ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪي ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎ و ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ دارد و در ﺑﻌﻀﯽ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎ اﯾﻦ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪي زﯾﺎد اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان از آن ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﺎف ﯾﺎد ﮐﺮد. ﮔﺰارشﻫﺎي ﺳﺎزﻣﺎنﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ﺣﻮزه ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪي ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻋﺪم ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿﺖ در ﺑﻌﻀﯽ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﭼﺮاﯾﯽ اﯾﻦ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ، ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً اﻧﮕﺸﺖ اﺷﺎره را ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ و ﺳﻮي ﻋﺪم ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ در ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎنﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺌﻮل و ﻋﺪم اﻧﺴﺠﺎم در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ. از اﯾﻦرو اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ در ﺻﺪد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ آﺳﯿﺐﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ و اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن-ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻮﻟﯽ اﻣﺮ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪي در اﯾﺮان اﺳﺖ و ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﺧﺎص در ﺻﺪد ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ آﺳﯿﺐﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪي ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ رﻓﺎه اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

Due to the beginning of the phenomenon of aging in the world, most countries are continuously monitoring the needs, the state of economic well-being, security, and social well-being of the elderly and identifying and ensuring their physical and mental health and their caregivers. Programs such as monitoring indicators are being carried out. Aging and active aging can be evaluated from the same dimension. Iran started policy making in this area in the 80s. Since then the discussion of aging has become one of the serious topics of demographic policy in Iran. The examination of the situation of aging in Iran shows that aging is far from international standards and in some indicators, this gap is so large that it can be called a gap. The reports of the organizations responsible for the field of aging also indicate failure in some indicators. Analysis of the situation generally suggests the lack of coordination among the responsible organizations and the lack of coherence in the programs. Therefore, this article aims to examine the harms of the programs and models of the organizations in charge of aging in Iran. Specifically, it seeks to identify the harms of the old age programs of the social welfare system.