كليدواژه :
اصالت وجود , فلسفه و عرفان , نقد فلسفه , وجودات امكاني , حقيقت وجود
چكيده فارسي :
باورود نظريه «اصالت وجود در تحقق» از عرفان به فلسفه توسط صدرالمتألهين در قرن يازدهم تحول بزرگي در فلسفه شكل گرفت. او مصداق اين نظريه را دو مورد قرار داد: اول حقيقت لابشرطي «وجود» كه در عرفان هم سابقه داشت؛ دوم وجودات خاص امكاني كه در عرفان سابقه نداشت. پس بر اساس تعميم او وجودات خاص امكاني نيز اصيل و موجود بالذات شدند و اين مستلزم پذيرش وجوب ذاتي آنها بود كه مقبول و معقول نبود. صدرالمتألهين خود به اين اشكال متفطن بود و براي حل اشكال دو پاسخ ارائه كرد: يكي بر اساس فرق بين معناي «بالذات» در دو تعبير «واجبالوجود بالذات» و «موجود بالذات» و ديگر بر اساس فرق بين «ضرورت ذاتي» و «ضرورت ازلي»؛ ولي هيچ يك از دو پاسخ، رافع اشكال نبودند و اين، اضطرابي را در آراي خود صدرالمتألهين به وجود آورده است؛ لذا او در برخي آثارش از تعميم خود عقبنشيني كرده است
چكيده لاتين :
Introducing the theory of "originality of existence in realization" from mysticism to philosophy in the eleventh century, Sadr al-Muta'allihin caused a great change in philosophy. He took this theory as being of two cases of usage: first, the unconditional truth of "existence" which also had a background in mysticism; Second, special contingent beings that had not background in mysticism. Therefore, according to his generalization, special possible beings also became original and existent in essence, and this required the acceptance of their inherent necessity, which was not acceptable and reasonable. Sadr al-Muta'allihin himself was aware of this objections and offered two answers to solve them: one based on the difference between the meaning of bidhdhat, by essence, in the two expressions of wajib alwujub bidhdhat, essentially necessary existence, and mawjud bidhdhat, essentially existing" and the other based on the difference between zarurat dhati, intrinsic necessity, and zarurat azali, eternal necessity; But neither of the two answers removed the problem, and this has created anxiety in the views of Sadr al-Muta'allehin; Therefore, in some of his works, he has retreated from his generalization
