زيرساخت هاي تحوّل شخصيت فرزند از چشم انداز آموزه هاي اسلامي و روانشناسي

The Infrastructure of the Development Child's Personality from of Islamic and Psychological Perspectives

ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ و ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺷﮑﻞﮔﯿـﺮي و ﺗﺤـﻮّ ل ﺷﺨﺼـﯿﺖ ﻓﺮزﻧـﺪ اﺳـﺖ. ﻫـﺪف ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار در ﺷﮑﻞﮔﯿﺮي زﯾﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖﻫﺎي ﺗﺤـﻮّ ل ﺷﺨﺼـﯿﺖ از ﭼﺸﻢاﻧﺪاز آﻣﻮزهﻫـﺎي اﺳـﻼﻣﯽ و روانﺷﻨﺎﺳـﯽ اﺳـﺖ. در ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ از روش ﺗﻮﺻـﯿﻔﯽ - ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠـﯽ و اﺟﺘﻬﺎدي ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ و آﻣﻮزهﻫﺎي اﺳﻼﻣﯽ و روانﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﻓﺮزﻧﺪﭘﺮوري ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﺑـﺮ دوره ﻗﺒــﻞ از ﺗﻮﻟــﺪ، ﺑﺮرﺳــﯽ ﺷــﺪ. ﻋﻨﺎﺻــﺮ ﻣــﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑــﺎ ﺗﺤــﻮّ ل ﺷﺨﺼــﯿﺖ ﻓﺮزﻧــﺪان ﮐــﻪ از آﻣــﻮزهﻫــﺎي اﺳــﻼﻣﯽ و روانﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺷﺪ، ﻋﺒﺎرتاﻧﺪ از: 1. وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫـﺎي زﯾﺴـﺘﯽ و ﺷﺨﺼـﯿﺘﯽ ﻫﻤﺴـﺮ؛ 2. ﻣﺮاﻗﺒـﺖﻫـﺎي اﺧﻼﻗﯽ و روانﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ واﻟﺪﯾﻦ در دورهﻫﺎي ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺑﺎرداري؛ 3. رﻋﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﻬﺪاﺷـﺖ ﺗﻐﺬﯾـﻪ در دوره ﺑـﺎرداري؛ 4. ورزش و ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿــﺖﻫــﺎي ﺟﺴــﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﻣــﺎدر در دوره ﺑــﺎرداري؛ 5. ﺑﻬﺪاﺷــﺖ رواﻧــﯽ ﻣــﺎدر در دوره ﺑــﺎرداري و ﻧﻮزادي؛ 6. ﭘﺮﻫﯿﺰ از داروﻫﺎي ﻏﯿﺮﻣﺠﺎز و روانﮔـﺮدان در دوره ﺑـﺎرداري و ﺷـﯿﺮدﻫﯽ؛ 7. رﻋﺎﯾـﺖ ﺳـﻨﺖﻫـﺎي اﺳﻼﻣﯽ درﺑﺎره ﻧﻮزاد؛ 8. رﻋﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ و ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ روانِ ﮐﻮدك و ﻣﺎدر

Biological and environmental factors are of the most important elements in the formation and development of child's personality. The purpose of this study is to investigate and explain the most important elements and factors influencing the infrastructure of personality development from Islamic and psychological perspectives. In the present study, descriptive-analytical and Ijtihadi methods have been used and Islamic and psychological teachings related to the process of parenting have been examined, with an emphasis on prenatal stage. Factors related to the development of children's personality which were extracted from Islamic and psychological teachings are: 1. Biological and personality characteristics of parents, especially the mother; 2. Moral and psychological care of parents before and during pregnancy and infancy; 3. Observance of nutritional health and mental health of the mother during pregnancy; 4. Exercise and appropriate activities of mother during pregnancy; 5. Environmental health and mental health of the mother during pregnancy and infancy; 6. Observance of spiritual, moral and devotional issues during pregnancy and infancy by parents; 7. Avoiding illicit drugs and drinks during pregnancy and breastfeeding; 8. Observance of Islamic traditions in relation to the infant; 9. Spiritual, psychological, and moral states of parents during development of the child.