وﻟﯽﻓﻘﯿﻪ و ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﺟﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﻘﻨﯿﻨﯽ ﺟﻤﻬﻮري اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾﺮان

Vali-e-Faqih and the Legislative Criminal Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran

ﻧﻬﺎد وﻻﯾﺖﻓﻘﯿﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺟﻠﻮهﻫﺎي اﺳﻼﻣﯿﺖ، ﻧﻘﺶ راﻫﺒﺮدي و ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦﮐﻨﻨﺪهاي در ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﺟﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺟﻤﻬﻮري اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾﺮان و ﺟﻬﺖﮔﯿﺮي آن دارد. وﻟﯽﻓﻘﯿﻪ در ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﺟﻤﻬﻮري اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾﺮان، ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﺧﺘﯿﺎرات و وﻻﯾﺖ اﯾﺸﺎن در ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﺟﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﻘﻨﯿﻨﯽ، ﻗﻀﺎﯾﯽ، اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ و ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺘﯽ ﺟﺎرﯾﺴﺖ. ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﺟﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﻘﻨﯿﻨﯽ ﻧﺎﻇﺮ ﺑﺮ وﺿﻊ و ﻧﻈﺎرت ﺑﺮ ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ و ﻣﻘﺮرات ﺟﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر اﺳﺖ. وﻟﯽﻓﻘﯿﻪ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﻨﺎد اﺧﺘﯿﺎرات ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ادﻟﻪ ﺷﺮﻋﯽ وﻻﯾﺖ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﺟﻤﻬﻮري اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾﺮان، اﺧﺘﯿﺎر ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﮔﺬاري و ﻗﺎﻧﻮنﮔﺬاري ﺟﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ و ﻏﯿﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ را دارد. اﻋﻤﺎل ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﮔﺬاري و ﻗﺎﻧﻮنﮔﺬاري ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﻣﻘﺎم رﻫﺒﺮي ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از اﺧﺘﯿﺎر ﺻﺪور اﺣﮑﺎم ﺣﮑﻮﻣﺘﯽ از ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ اﯾﺸﺎن اﺳﺖ. ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﮔﺬاري و ﻗﺎﻧﻮنﮔﺬاري ﺟﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﻏﯿﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﻣﻘﺎم رﻫﺒﺮي ﻧﯿﺰ از ﻣﺠﺎري ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺎور و ﺗﺤﺖﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺠﻤﻊ ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺖ ﻧﻈﺎم و ﺷﻮراي ﻧﮕﻬﺒﺎن اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﯾﮑﯽ از ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﯽ ﺟﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺗﻘﻨﯿﻨﯽ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري در ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺐ ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ و ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﺟﻨﺎﯾﯽ دارد، ﻣﻌﯿﺎر ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻣﺼﻮﺑﺎت ﺣﻮزه ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﺟﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ ﺷﻮراي اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ. روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﺟﻤﻊآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت و دادهﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ.

The institution of Velayat-e-Faqih, as one of the manifestations of Islam, has a strategic and decisive role in the criminal policy network of the Islamic Republic of Iran and its orientation. In the theory of political discourse of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Supreme Leader is the ruler of the Islamic society, whose powers and guardianship are present at all levels of legislative, judicial, executive and participatory criminal policy. Legislative criminal policy oversees the enactment and oversight of the country's criminal laws and regulations. Vali-e-Faqih, based on the powers arising from the religious arguments of the province as well as the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, has the power to make policy and criminal legislation directly and indirectly.