مفهوم‌شناسي در مفاهيم ديني با رويكرد روان‌شناختي: مراحل و شيوۀ اجرا

The conceptualization in Islamic literature with psychological approach: Process and procedure

ﻣﻔﻬﻮمﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ از ﺣﯿﻄﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ و ﺑﻨﯿﺎدﯾﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻠﻮم ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ از ﺟﻤﻠـﻪ روانﺷﻨﺎﺳـﯽ ﻣﺤﺴـﻮب ﻣﯽﺷـﻮد. ﺑﺎزﺷﻨﺎﺳـﯽ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ روانﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ در ﻣﺘﻮن دﯾﻨﯽ اﺳﻼم ﻧﯿﺰ ﯾﮑﯽ از اﯾﻦ ﻋﺮﺻﻪﻫﺎ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺳـﻨﮓ ﺑﻨـﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫـﺎي روانﺷﻨﺎﺳـﯽ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ را ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ. ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﺮﺳﯿﻢ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ و ﺷـﯿﻮۀ اﺟـﺮاي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫـﺎﯾﯽ اﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮر اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎط، ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪي و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ روانﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽِ ﺑﻪﮐﺎررﻓﺘﻪ در ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ دﯾﻨﯽ ﻓـﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﯽﺷـﻮﻧﺪ. ﺑـﺮاي اﯾـﻦ ﻫﺪف، ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﮐﻠﯿﺪي در ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮمﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ و ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮمﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ در ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ، ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ و ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎ در اﺑﻌﺎد روانﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ و ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪ. اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎط و ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از ﻋﻨﺎﺻـﺮ ﻣﻌﻨـﺎﯾﯽ و ﻋﻨﺎﺻـﺮ ﺗﺤﻘـﻖ ﻣﻔﻬـﻮم در ادﺑﯿﺎت دﯾﻨﯽ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﯿﻮۀ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ در ﻓﺮآﯾﻨـﺪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮمﺷﻨﺎﺳـﯽ، ﺳـﻪ اﻗـﺪام ﻣﺮﮐﺰيﺳـﺎزي، ﻧﻤــﺎﯾﺶ و ﺑﺮرﺳــﯽ رواﯾــﯽ ﻣﺤﺘــﻮاﯾﯽ ﻣﺆﻟﻔــﻪﻫﺎ اﻧﺠــﺎم ﺷــﺪ. در ﻧﻬﺎﯾــﺖ، ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨــﺪي ﻣﺆﻟﻔــﻪﻫﺎ در اﺑﻌــﺎد ﺟﻬﺖﮔﯿﺮيﻫــﺎ، وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫــﺎي رﻓﺘــﺎري، ﺗﺠﺮﺑــﻪﻫﺎي دروﻧــﯽ و ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدﻫــﺎي روانﺷــﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺑــﻪ ﻋﻨــﻮان ﺗﺠﺰﯾــﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿــﻞ دوم دادهﻫــﺎي ﻣﻔﻬﻮمﭘﮋوﻫﯽ ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ ﺷﺪ.

Conceptualization is one of important and basic areas in science including psychology. Recognizing psychological concepts in Islamic texts is also one of these areas that constitute the cornerstone of Islamic psychological research. The main purpose of this paper is to provide research process and procedure in order to deduce, classify, and analyze the components of a psychological concept that used in religious sources. For this purpose, the key concepts in conceptualization process are explained and described. The conceptualization process was described and explained in three stages: collecting conceptual components, analyzing conceptual components, classifying the analysis of the components in psychological dimensions. Deducting and collecting conceptual components were investigated based on two types of semantic elements and elements in the realization of the concept in religious literature. As a method of data analysis in the process of conceptualization, three operations were implemented: centralism, presentation, and investigation of the content validity of the components. Finally, classification of the components was explained, as the second analysis of data on conceptualization, in the following dimensions: orientations, behavioral characteristics, inner experiences, and psychological functions.