بررسي رابطه عوامل شخصيتي افسردگي‌زا از ديدگاه قرآن و عوامل شخصيتي از ديدگاه كتل، از طريق همبستگي بنيادين

The canonical correlation between personality factors of depression based on the Holy Quran and Cattell's personality factors

ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ روش ﻫﻤﺒﺴـﺘﮕﯽ و ﺑـﺎ ﻫـﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ راﺑﻄـﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ اﻓﺴـﺮدﮔﯽزا از دﯾـﺪﮔﺎه ﻗـﺮآن )ﺗﻤـﺎﯾﻼت ﮔـﺮاﯾﺶ اﻧﺰواﯾﯽ، اﺣﺴﺎس ﺷﮑﺴﺖ، دﯾﻦﮔﺮﯾﺰي، ﺿﻌﻒ اﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﺑﻪ ﺧﺪا، ﺧﻮدﺟﺎﻧﺒـﺪاري و ﻧﻮﺳـﺎن ﺧﻠﻘـﯽ( و ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ ﺷﺨﺼـﯿﺘﯽ ﮐﺘﻞ اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺖ. ﮐﻠﯿﻪ داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن دﺧﺘﺮ و ﭘﺴﺮ داﻧﺸﮑﺪهﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان ﮐﻪ در ﺳﺎل ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ 94-93 ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻞ ﻣﯽﮐﺮدﻧﺪ، ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ را ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ دادﻧﺪ. ﮔﺮوه ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ 170 ﻧﻔـﺮ از داﻧﺸـﺠﻮﯾﺎن )91 دﺧﺘـﺮ و 79 ﭘﺴــﺮ( ﺑﻮدﻧــﺪ ﮐــﻪ ﺑــﻪ ﺷــﯿﻮه ﻧﻤﻮﻧــﻪﮔﯿﺮي در دﺳــﺘﺮس اﻧﺘﺨــﺎب ﺷــﺪﻧﺪ و ﺗﺤــﺖ آزﻣــﻮن ﻗــﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨــﺪ. اﺑــﺰار ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي »ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﯽ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻗﺮآن« و »آزﻣﻮن ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ 16 ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﮐﺘﻞ« ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﺰﯾـﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ از ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﭘﯿﺮ ﺳﻮن و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮي ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﻨﯿﺎدي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸـﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﻨﯿﺎدﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﻣﯿﺎن ﺻﻔﺎت ﻗﺮآﻧﯽ و ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﺷﺨﺼـﯿﺘﯽ ﮐﺘـﻞ وﺟـﻮد دارد. ﺳـﺎزهﻫﺎي زﯾﺮﺑﻨـﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاجﺷﺪه ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار، ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﭘـﻨﺞ ﺳـﺎزه »ﻣﺘـﺪﯾﻦ ﻓـﺪاﮐﺎر ﺧﻮدﮐﺎرآﻣـﺪ«، »ﺳﺴـﺖاﯾﻤﺎن ﺑﯽﮐﻔﺎﯾــﺖ«، »ﻣﺘــﺪﯾﻦ دوﺳــﻮﮔﺮا«، »ﻣﺘــﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﺘﻮاﺿــﻊ و ﺧﻮدﺳــﺮزﻧﺶﮐﻨﻨﺪه« و »ﻣﺘــﺪﯾﻦ دروﻧﮕــﺮا و ﻫﻮﺷــﻤﻨﺪ« اﺳــﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﯽزا از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻗﺮآن و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺘﯽ ﮐﺘﻞ ﺑـﺎ ﻫـﻢ ارﺗﺒـﺎط ﻣﻌﻨـﺎداري دارﻧـﺪ و اﯾـﻦ ارﺗﺒـﺎط در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ اﯾﻦ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎزه ﺑﻨﯿﺎدﯾﻦ وﺟﻮد دارد.

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of educational program, which is based on seven educational principles of the Prophet Mohammad, on the social skills of 5 to 6 year old children. The present study was semi experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. The study population consisted of all families with 5 to 6 year old children in the 1500 household are of Koshtargah in Shahindezh. After filed investigation by the researchers, it was found out that there were 284 households with 5 to 6 year old children. Using simple random sampling, 40 households were selected to participate in the research, and were randomly assigned to two groups: experimental and control. Each group consisted of 20 participants. The seven educational principles of the Prophet were taught to parents in th experimental group, in eight sessions. The data collection tool was the Social Skills Rating Scale (parent's form). Results of Analysis of Covariance showed that training the educational program based on the 7 educational principle of the Prophet increased social skills in 5 to 6 year children. (P< 0/001). Considering the role and importance of the early years of life and the family environment on child development in various cognitive, physical, emotional, social aspects and with emphasis on the religious culture of the Iranian society and people being much under influence of religious teachings, this program could be used to create, improve, and flourish the development of children, particularly in social skills domain.