ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﺟﻮ اﯾﻤﻨﯽ و وﻗﻮع رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎاﯾﻤﻦ: ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻮردي در ﯾﮏ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ

The Relationship between Safety Climate Components and Occurrence of Unsafe Behaviors: A Case Study in a Chemical Industry

ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ زﯾﺎدي ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎاﯾﻤﻦ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪﺗﺮﯾﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺟﻮ اﯾﻤﻨﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ وﺟﻮد ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪي ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﯽ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﻫﯿﺪروﮐﺮﺑﻨﯽ، ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ زﯾﺎدي ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮوز ﺣﻮادث ﻓﺎﺟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎر دارﻧﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﺟﻮ اﯾﻤﻨﯽ ﺷﻐﻠﯽ و وﻗﻮع رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎاﯾﻤﻦ در ﯾﮏ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. روشﻫﺎ: ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻧﻮع ﻣﻘﻄﻌﯽ ﺑﻮده و در ﺳﺎل 1398 در ﯾﮏ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﯿﻤﯽ در ﺟﻨﻮب ﮐﺸﻮر اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻃﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ 269 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺟﻬﺖ واﮐﺎوي ﺟﻮ اﯾﻤﻨﯽ، از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺟﻮ اﯾﻤﻨﯽ ﺷﻐﻠﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه و ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺮوز رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎاﯾﻤﻦ ﻧﯿﺰ از ﭼﮏ ﻟﯿﺴﺖ رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎاﯾﻤﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺣﻮادﺛﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻃﯽ 15 ﺳﺎل ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ در ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ وﻗﻮع ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار 25.0.IBM SPSS V و آزﻣﻮنﻫﺎي آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﯾﮏﻃﺮﻓﻪ، ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﭘﯿﺮﺳﻮن و رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن ﺧﻄﯽ ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ اﯾﻤﻨﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﮐﺎر و رﻓﺘﺎر ﻧﺎاﯾﻤﻦ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﻌﮑﻮس و ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﯿﻦ اﻣﺘﯿﺎز ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺗﻌﻬﺪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ و رﻓﺘﺎر ﻧﺎاﯾﻤﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد. ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻼت و ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﮐﺎري اﻓﺮاد و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﺣﺎدﺛﻪ و ﺷﺒﻪﺣﺎدﺛﻪ و ﺑﺮوز رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎاﯾﻤﻦ ﻧﯿﺰ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ )0/05< P(. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻣﺪل رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮﻧﯽ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﻫﺎي ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﺮ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ وﻗﻮع رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎاﯾﻤﻦ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﻌﻬﺪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ، اﯾﻤﻨﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﮐﺎر، ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﻫﺎي ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻼت و ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﮐﺎري ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ )0/05< R2 = 0/597 ،P(. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﯾﻦ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﻌﻬﺪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ، ﺳﻄﺢ اﯾﻤﻨﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﮐﺎر، ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻼت و ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﮐﺎري اﻓﺮاد در ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻬﻢ و ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﮔﺬار در ﺑﺮوز رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎاﯾﻤﻦ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﮔﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ در راﺳﺘﺎي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺮوز رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎاﯾﻤﻦ و درﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﻮادث اﯾﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه در ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﻣﺬﮐﻮر ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

Many organizational factors can be used as determinants of unsafe behaviors; one of the most prominent is the safety climate. The chemical industry has a great potential for catastrophic accidents due to the critical process parameters and the significant volume of hydrocarbon materials. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the components of occupational safety climate and the occurrence of unsafe behaviors in the chemical industry. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 in the petrochemical industry in the south of Iran. In this study, 269 operational personnel were surveyed. To analyze the safety climate, the standard occupational safety climate questionnaire was used. To study the occurrence of unsafe behaviors, a checklist of unsafe behaviors was used according to the causes of accidents that have occurred in the studied industry during the last 15 years. Data analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression in SPSS software version 25. Results: Significant inverse relationship was observed between the workplace safety dimension and unsafe behavior. There was also a significant relationship between the dimension of management commitment and the experience of accident and near-miss and unsafe behavior (P-Value <0.05). The regression model results showed that the most critical factors affecting the occurrence of unsafe behaviors included the components of management commitment, workplace safety, probability of ignoring the error, education level, and work experience (R2 = 0.559, P-Value <0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the dimension of management commitment, level of workplace safety, level of education, and work experience in chemical industries are among important and influential factors in the occurrence of unsafe behaviors. Therefore, paying attention to these issues can be a practical step towards reducing unsafe behaviors and consequently reducing the accidents in mentioned industries.