ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي رواﻧﺴﻨﺠﯽ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﺎدﮐﺎﻣﯽ آﮐﺴﻔﻮرد در ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪاﯾﯽ از ﻧﯿﺮوﻫﺎي ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ اﯾﺮان

Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire in a Sample of the Iranian Military

ﺳﻼﻣﺖ رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ و ﺑﻬﺰﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻞ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد آنﻫﺎ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﺮدي و ﻣﻠﯽ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻪ و ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ارﺗﻘﺎء ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯿﺎن ﺷﻮد، ﺷﺎدﮐﺎﻣﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺟﻬﺖ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﺎدﮐﺎﻣﯽ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯿﺎن و ﯾﺎ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﺪاﺧﻼت آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ و درﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ آن، ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد اﺑﺰار اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد و ﻫﻨﺠﺎر ﺷﺪه ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ، ﻫﺪف از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت رواﻧﺴﻨﺠﯽ ﻧﺴﺨﮥ ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﮥ ﺷﺎدﮐﺎﻣﯽ آﮐﺴﻔﻮرد در ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯿﺎن ﺑﻮد. روشﻫﺎ: اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﯾﮏ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ از ﻧﻮع روش ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر، ﺳﻪ واﺣﺪ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ در ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت در دﺳﺘﺮس اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ 403 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯿﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي در دﺳﺘﺮس اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﺷﺎدﮐﺎﻣﯽ آﮐﺴﻔﻮرد، ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ رﺿﺎﯾﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ، ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ ﻧﺌﻮ )60-NEO( و ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ را ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ. دادهﻫﺎي ﮔﺮدآوري ﺷﺪهﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ اﮐﺘﺸﺎﻓﯽ و ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪي، ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﭘﯿﺮﺳﻮن ﺑﻪ وﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار 22-SPSS و 22-Amos ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﮐﺘﺸﺎﻓﯽ دادهﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﺎدﮐﺎﻣﯽ آﮐﺴﻔﻮرد در ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯿﺎن ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر 4 ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ )رﺿﺎﯾﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ، ﺑﻬﺰﯾﺴﺘﯽ، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﻮدن ، ﮐﻨﺘﺮل و ﺧﻮدﮐﺎرآﻣﺪي( دارد. اﯾﻦ ﭼﻬﺎر ﻋﺎﻣﻞ روي ﻫﻢ رﻓﺘﻪ 41 درﺻﺪ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﺷﺎدﮐﺎﻣﯽ را ﺗﺒﯿﻦ ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﻪ وﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪي ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ )064/ = IFI =0/92 ، CFI = 0/91 ،RAMSEA(. رواﯾﯽ ﺻﻮري آزﻣﻮن ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ رواﯾﯽ ﻫﻤﮕﺮا ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ زﯾﺮ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎ و ﻧﻤﺮه ﮐﻞ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﺎدﮐﺎﻣﯽ آﮐﺴﻔﻮرد و ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ رﺿﺎﯾﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ )0/56 = P <0/001 ،r( و ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ ﻧﺌﻮ )ﺧﺮده ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﺑﺮون ﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ( ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار داﺷﺖ )59 /0= P <0/001 ،r(. رواﯾﯽ واﮔﺮا ﻧﯿﺰ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﺑﯿﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﺎدﮐﺎﻣﯽ اﮐﺴﻔﻮرد و ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ ﻧﺌﻮ )ﺧﺮده ﻣﻘﯿﺎس روانرﻧﺠﻮرﺧﻮﯾﯽ( ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ )0/61- = P <0/001 ،r(. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎ روش آزﻣﻮن- ﺑﺎز آزﻣﻮن در ﻃﯽ دو ﻫﻔﺘﻪ )0/0-79/82( و ﻫﻤﺴﺎﻧﯽدروﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ روش آﻟﻔﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ )0/84( ﻧﺸﺎن از ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ زﻣﺎﻧﯽ و ﻫﻤﺴﺎﻧﯽ دروﻧﯽ ﺧﻮب اﯾﻦ اﺑﺰار داﺷﺖ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﺎدﮐﺎﻣﯽ آﮐﺴﻔﻮرد در ﻧﯿﺮوﻫﺎي ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ داراي رواﯾﯽ و ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ اﺳﺖ و ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﺷﺎدﮐﺎﻣﯽ و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ در ﻧﯿﺮوﻫﺎي ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ از آن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮐﺮد.

The psychological health and well-being of military personnel affect their performance at the individual and national levels. One of the variables that can affect mental health and improve the quality of life of military personnel is happiness. In order to assess the level of military happiness or to evaluate the related educational and medical interventions, standardized tools are needed. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire in the military. Methods: This study was a descriptive methodological study. For this purpose, three military units in Tehran were selected by available sampling. Then 403 servicemen were selected by available sampling and completed the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, Life Satisfaction Questionnaire, NEO Personality Questionnaire (60-NEO) and the researcher-made demographic questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson correlation by SPSS-22 and Amos-22 software. Results: The results of exploratory data analysis showed that the Persian version of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire in the military has a four-factor structure (life satisfaction, welfare, sociality, control and selfefficacy). Together, these four factors accounted for 41% of the variance in happiness. These factors were confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis (RAMSEA = 064, CFI = 0.91, FIF = 0.92). The face validity of the test was also confirmed. The results of convergent validity showed that all sub-components and total score of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (r = 0.56, P <0.001) and Neo Personality Questionnaire (extroversion subscale) had a positive and significant correlation (r = 0.59, P <0.001). Divergent validity was also confirmed through a significant negative correlation between the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and the Neo Personality Questionnaire (Neuroticism subscale) (r = -0.61, P <0.001). The reliability results of the questionnaire with the test-retest method during two weeks (0.79-0.82) and internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha (0.84) showed the time reliability and good internal consistency of this instrument. Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that the Persian version of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire in the military has good validity and reliability and can be used to measure happiness and psychological studies in the military.