پديد آورندگان :
ﺗﺎﺟﻮر، ﻣﺮﯾﻢ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﺗﻬﺮان - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ - ﮔﺮوه ﻋﻠﻮم ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﺳﻼﻣﺖ، ﺗﻬﺮان، اﯾﺮان , ﮐﺮﻣﯽ، ﺑﺪرﯾﻪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﺗﻬﺮان - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ - ﮔﺮوه ﻋﻠﻮم ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﺳﻼﻣﺖ، ﺗﻬﺮان، اﯾﺮان , اﺑﺮاﻫﯿﻤﯽ، ﺑﻬﺸﺘﻪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﺗﻬﺮان، ﺗﻬﺮان، اﯾﺮان
چكيده فارسي :
ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﭘﯿﺸﺮوﻧﺪه ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﮐﻮوﯾﺪ-19در ﺳﺮاﺳﺮ ﺟﻬﺎن، ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ رﯾﺴﮏ اﺑﺘﻼي اﻓﺮاد ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري در ﻣﺤﯿﻂﻫﺎي ﮐﺎري ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻮارد ﺿﺮوري در ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ اﭘﯿﺪﻣﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري اﺳﺖ. از اﯾﻦ رو اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ رﯾﺴﮏ اﺑﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﮐﻮوﯾﺪ-19 در ﮐﺎرﮐﻨﺎن ﭘﺮﺧﻄﺮ ﻧﯿﺮوﻫﺎي اﻧﺘﻈﺎﻣﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﺳﺮﯾﻊ ﺧﻄﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. روشﻫﺎ: اﻓﺮاد ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ، ﻣﻘﻄﻌﯽ ﮐﻪ در زﻣﺴﺘﺎن 1399 در ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ، ﮐﺎرﮐﻨﺎن ﺷﺎﻏﻞ در 3 ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺷﻐﻠﯽ ﭘﻠﯿﺲ »پ«، ﭘﻠﯿﺲ »ر« و ﭘﻠﯿﺲ »آ« ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺗﻌﺪاد 474 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻤﻊآوري دادهﻫﺎ از ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﺳﺮﯾﻊ ﺧﻄﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. اﺑﺰار ﺟﻤﻊآوري دادهﻫﺎ ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ ﻣﺬﮐﻮر ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺳﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﺑﯿﻤﺎري، ﺷﺪت ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪ و ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎور ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﯽ را ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﭘﺎﺳﺦﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻃﯿﻒ ﻟﯿﮑﺮت ﻧﻤﺮهدﻫﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﻧﻤﺮات ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺑﺮآورد ﺳﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ در ﻫﻢ ﺿﺮب و ﺣﺎﺻﻞ آن ﻣﻌﺮف ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ رﯾﺴﮏ اﺑﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﮐﻮوﯾﺪ- 19 ﺑﻮد. دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار SPSS ﻧﺴﺨﻪ 24 و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ ﻣﺬﮐﻮر ﻣﻮرد ﻏﺮﺑﺎﻟﮕﺮي و ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ و آزﻣﻮن ﺗﻌﻘﯿﺒﯽ ﺑﻨﻔﺮوﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري 0/05 اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ، ﻧﻤﺮه ﺷﺎﺧﺺ رﯾﺴﮏ اﺑﺘﻼي ﺑﯿﺶ از 95 درﺻﺪ ﮐﺎرﮐﻨﺎن ﭘﻠﯿﺲ »پ«، ﺑﯿﺶ از 88 درﺻﺪ ﮐﺎرﮐﻨﺎن ﭘﻠﯿﺲ »ر« و ﺑﯿﺶ از 93 درﺻﺪ ﮐﺎرﮐﻨﺎن ﭘﻠﯿﺲ »آ« ﺑﺎﻻي ﻋﺪد 40 )ﻏﯿﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل( ﺑﻮد. ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ )4/86( و ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ رﯾﺴﮏ اﺑﺘﻼ )890/62( ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﭘﻠﯿﺲ »ر« ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﺗﮏﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه، ﺑﯿﻦ رﯾﺴﮏ اﺑﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺮوﻧﺎ در ﺳﻪ ﮔﺮوه ﺷﻐﻠﯽ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ )0/13 = F و 0/87 = P-value(. در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ در ﺑﺮآورد ﺷﺎﺧﺺ رﯾﺴﮏ اﺑﺘﻼ، ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﻄﺢ اﺑﺘﻼ و ﻧﮕﺮش ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﯽ ﻓﺮد در ﺳﻪ ﮔﺮوه ﺷﻐﻠﯽ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ وﻟﯽ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﺪت ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﻪ ﮔﺮوه، ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار وﺟﻮد داﺷﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ در ﮔﺮوه ﺷﻐﻠﯽ ﭘﻠﯿﺲ »پ« 47/2% ، در ﮔﺮوه ﭘﻠﯿﺲ »ر« 45/7% و در ﮔﺮوه ﭘﻠﯿﺲ »آ« 35/5% اﻓﺮاد، ﻣﺸﮑﻮك ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ ﮔﺮوه ﺷﻐﻠﯽ، ﭘﺮ رﯾﺴﮏ و در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺧﻄﺮ اﺑﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺮوﻧﺎ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﮐﻨﺘﺮل اﭘﯿﺪﻣﯽ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﮐﻮوﯾﺪ-19 در اﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﯿﻂﻫﺎي ﮐﺎري، ﮐﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎﯾﺎن ﻣﯽﺑﺎﯾﺴﺖ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋيﻫﺎي ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ را ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ دﻗﯿﻖ و ﻓﻨﯽ از رﯾﺴﮏ ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري، اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ، ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ و ﮐﻢ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ از ﺑﺮوز ﺑﯿﻤﺎري و ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﻊ آن از روزﻫﺎي ﮐﺎري از دﺳﺖ رﻓﺘﻪ ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي ﮔﺮدد.
چكيده لاتين :
Given the rapid spread of COVID-19 disease around the world, determining the risk
of disease in the workplace is one of the essential factors to improve management of this infectious disease.
Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the risk of COVID-19 disease in high-risk personnel of the police
forces using rapid risk analysis technique.
Methods: This study was a descriptive, analytical, and cross-sectional study conducted in Winter 2021 in
Tehran. Participants were 474 police officers randomly selected from three different sub-groups including »P«
police, »R« police and »A« police (shown as « ر« ,» پ» and « آ» in Farsi manuscript, respectively). A rapid risk
analysis technique was used to collect data. The data collection tool was a questionnaire based on the mentioned
technique, which includes three components of disease probability, severity (consequence), and level of health
belief. Adjustments and responses were scored based on the Likert scale. Then, the scores obtained from
estimating the three components were multiplied and the result represented the final risk index for COVID-19.
Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24 and using the mentioned technique. In this study, Analysis
of Variance and Bonferroni post hoc test with a significance level of 0.05 was used.
Results: The risk index score of more than 95% of »P« police officers and more than 88% of »R« police
officers and more than 93% of »A« police officers were above 40(unacceptable). The minimum (4.86) and
maximum (890.62) risk index was related to »R« police. Based on univariate analysis of variance, there was no
significant difference between the risk of COVID-19 disease in the three occupational groups (F=0.13 and pvalue=
0.87). Comparing the level of three components effective in estimating the risk index, there was no
significant difference between the components of the level of disease probability and level of health belief in the
three occupational groups, however, there was a significant difference in the level of severity (consequence)
component of all three groups. In addition, 47.2% »P« police, 45.7% »R« police, and 35.5% »A« police group
were suspected to be sick.
Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, all three occupational groups were at risk for COVID-19
disease. Therefore, in order to control the COVID-19 epidemic, employers must implement infection control
strategies based on accurate and technical assessment of the risk of disease in order to prevent the occurrence of
disease and consequently reduce lost working days by performing appropriate, timely, and low-cost control
activities.
