ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ رﯾﺴﮏ اﺑﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ اﺧﺘﻼﻻت اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ- ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ در ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﯾﮏ واﺣﺪ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ

The Effect of Educational Intervention on the Level of Risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Different Parts of a Military Unit

اﺧﺘﻼﻻت اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺷﺎﯾﻊ آﺳﯿﺐﻫﺎي ﺷﻐﻠﯽ و ﻧﺎﺗﻮاﻧﯽ در ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﺟﻬﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﯽرود. ﯾﮑﯽ از دوراﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ اﻓﺮاد در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺧﻄﺮ اﺧﺘﻼﻻت اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ، دوران ﺳﺮﺑﺎزي اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺳﺮﺑﺎزان ﮐﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ از ارﮐﺎن اﺻﻠﯽ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺮ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻗﺒﻠﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﻏﻞ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪاﻧﺪ. ﻟﺬا اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪاي ﺑﺮﺳﻄﺢ رﯾﺴﮏ اﺑﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ اﺧﺘﻼﻻت اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ﺑﺮ روي ﺳﺮﺑﺎزان در ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﯾﮏ واﺣﺪ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. روشﻫﺎ: ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﯾﮏ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ روي 140 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﮐﺎرﮔﺮان ﻣﺮد ﻣﺸﻐﻮل ﺑﮑﺎر ﺣﻤﻞ دﺳﺘﯽ ﺑﺎر در واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﯾﮏ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ در ﺟﻨﻮب اﯾﺮان، در ﺳﺎل 1398 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي در دﺳﺘﺮس ﺑﻮد. ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ و ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ رﯾﺴﮏ ﺧﻄﺮ اﺑﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ اﺧﺘﻼﻻت اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺳﺮﯾﻊ ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ )QEC( اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد 4 ﺟﻠﺴﻪ آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ 60 دﻗﯿﻘﻪاي ﺑﺮﮔﺰار ﺷﺪ. ﯾﮏ ﻣﺎه ﭘﺲ از اﺗﻤﺎم ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﻣﺠﺪدا ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺳﻄﺢ رﯾﺴﮏ ﺧﻄﺮ اﺑﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ اﺧﺘﻼﻻت اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ در ﻫﺮ دو ﮔﺮوه ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪ. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار آﻣﺎري 24-SPSS ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﺳﻄﺢ رﯾﺴﮏ اﺑﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ اﺧﺘﻼﻻت اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ در ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﯿﺪا ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ و از ﻟﺤﺎظ آﻣﺎري ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﺑﻮد )0/05< P(. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ در دو ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ رﯾﺴﮏ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﻫﺎي ارﺗﻌﺎش، ﺳﺮﻋﺖ در ﮐﺎر و اﺳﺘﺮس ﺷﻐﻠﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮاﺗﯽ در ﺳﻄﺢ رﯾﺴﮏ اﯾﺠﺎد ﻧﺸﺪه ﺑﻮد و از ﻟﺤﺎظ آﻣﺎري آﻣﻮزش ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار در اﯾﻦ ﺳﻪ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ )0/05> P(. ﺳﻄﺢ رﯾﺴﮏ ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﮐﻞ ﺑﺪن ﺑﺮاي اﺧﺘﻼﻻت اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ در دو ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ از ﻟﺤﺎظ آﻣﺎري ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ )0/05< P(. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان اﺧﺘﻼﻻت اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ در ﺳﺮﺑﺎزان ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮد و ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎت اﺻﻼﺣﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﺮ اﺧﺘﻼﻻت اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ داﺷﺖ. از آﻧﺠﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ اﺧﺘﻼﻻت اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ آﻣﻮزشﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻫﺪف از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﺪاﺧﻼت آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ و ﻣﻔﯿﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

Musculoskeletal disorders are among the most common causes of occupational injuries and disabilities in countries around the world. One of the times when people are at risk for musculoskeletal disorders is during the military. Considering the importance of soldiers' health, which is one of the main military pillars of the country, and considering that previous studies have further examined other occupations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of the intervention program on the level of risk of musculoskeletal disorders in soldiers in different parts of a military unit. Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental study that was performed on 140 male workers working by hand in different units of a military area in southern Iran in 2020. Sampling was available by sampling method. Assessing and determining the risk level for musculoskeletal disorders was performed using Rapid Exposure Assessment (QEC) software. Educational intervention for the intervention group, 4 60-minute training sessions were held. One month after the end of the educational intervention, the risk assessment of the risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders in both groups was determined. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-24 statistical software. Results: The level of risk of musculoskeletal disorders after the educational intervention in the intervention group decreased compared to the control group and was statistically significant (P <0.05). Also, after the educational intervention in the two groups of intervention and control, in terms of the level of exposure to the risk factors of vibration, speed at work and job stress, there were no changes in the level of risk and training did not cause a statistically significant difference in these three factors (P >0.05). The level of whole body exposure risk for musculoskeletal disorders in the two groups of intervention and control after educational intervention is statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, the rate of musculoskeletal disorders in soldiers was high and correctional exercises had a significant effect on musculoskeletal disorders. Since musculoskeletal disorders are preventable, it can be concluded that planned trainings to the target community, including educational interventions, can be effective and useful.