ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺳﻠﻮلدرﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف درﻣﺎن آﺳﯿﺐﻫﺎي ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ و ﺗﺮوﻣﺎﯾﯽ ﻗﺮﻧﯿﻪ

Application of Cell Therapy for Treatment of Chemical and Traumatic Corneal Injuries

آﺳﯿﺐﻫﺎي ﭼﺸﻤﯽ ﯾﮑﯽ از راﯾﺞﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻮارض ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻪوﯾﮋه ﮔﺎز ﺧﺮدل اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻣﺪت ﻧﯿﺰ درﮔﯿﺮيﻫﺎي زﯾﺎدي را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ. ﻗﺮﻧﯿﻪ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ دﻫﻨﺪه ﭼﺸﻢ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از اﯾﻦ آﺳﯿﺐﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ اﺧﺘﻼﻻت در اﯾﻦ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. در ﺣﺎل ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ ﻗﺮﻧﯿﻪ ﻣﺘﺪاولﺗﺮﯾﻦ راه درﻣﺎﻧﯽ آﺳﯿﺐﻫﺎي ﻗﺮﻧﯿﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﯽرود ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪدﻟﯿﻞ ﮐﻤﺒﻮد اﻫﺪاﮐﻨﻨﺪه، ردﺷﺪن ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اﻣﮑﺎن اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺑﯿﻤﺎري از اﻫﺪاﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖﻫﺎﯾﯽ روﺑﺮو اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ روش درﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻔﯿﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎزدﻫﯽ ﺑﺎﻻ را ﻧﯿﺰ اﯾﺠﺎب ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. ﺳﻠﻮلﻫﺎي ﺑﻨﯿﺎدي ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺗﮑﺜﯿﺮ و ﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎي ﻫﺪف، ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻬﻤﯽ در روشﻫﺎي ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي ﻧﻮﯾﻦ اﯾﻔﺎ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﺳﻠﻮلﻫﺎ از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻏﯿﺮ ﭼﺸﻤﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻐﺰ اﺳﺘﺨﻮان، ﭼﺮﺑﯽ و ﺑﻨﺪ ﻧﺎف و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﭼﺸﻤﯽ در ﻻﯾﻪﻫﺎي ﻗﺮﻧﯿﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﺼﻮل ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ و ﻏﯿﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺳﻠﻮلﻫﺎي ﺑﻨﯿﺎدي ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭼﺸﻤﯽ و ﻏﯿﺮﭼﺸﻤﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻻﯾﻪﻫﺎي آﺳﯿﺐدﯾﺪه ﻗﺮﻧﯿﻪ و ﭘﺲ از آن ﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻠﻮلﻫﺎي اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﯽ ﻗﺮﻧﯿﻪ و ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي آن ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ روش درﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي در دﻫﻪﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ ﻣﻮردﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ در اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ در ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ و ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻨﯽ آن ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ روشﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﺧﻄﺮ و زﻣﺎنﺑﺮ ﺟﺮاﺣﯽ، ﻧﯿﺎز اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﯿﺶ از ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﻪ آن ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﻋﻼوهﺑﺮ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در روشﻫﺎي ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﮐﻨﻮﻧﯽ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻗﺮﻧﯿﻪ، ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﺎﻟﯿﻨﯽ و ﺑﺎﻟﯿﻨﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺳﻠﻮلﻫﺎي ﺑﻨﯿﺎدي ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻠﻮلدرﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﺮور ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

Eye injuries are one of the most common side effects of chemical agents, especially mustard gas, which can cause many conflicts in the long time. The cornea is the most critical component of the eye, and many eye injuries somehow are related to that. Nowadays, corneal transplantation is the conventional treatment for corneal injuries, which is due to the lack of a donor, rejection of the transplant, and the possibility of transmitting the disease from the donor to the recipient, face limitations that require an alternative with high efficiency. Stem cells with the ability to proliferate and differentiate into target tissues play a crucial role in novel regeneration methods. These cells are also harvested from various non-ocular sources such as bone marrow, adipose and umbilical cord as well as ocular sources in the corneal layers. Direct and indirect transfer of stem cells with different ocular and ocular references to the cornea's damaged layers and subsequent differentiation into specific corneal cells and its regeneration has been considered a practical treatment in recent years. Due to the high progress in this field in many countries and its replacement with high-risk and time-consuming surgical methods, it needs to be studied more. In this review, in addition to introducing the challenges of current medical procedures and the structure of corneal tissue, the preclinical and clinical advances in the use of stem cells for cell therapy are highlighted.