پديد آورندگان :
مغاني رحيمي، خاطره دانشگاه علم و صنعت ايران - دانشكده معماري و شهرسازي - گروه مهندسي شهرسازي، تهران، ايران , شكوهي بيدهندي، محمدصالح دانشگاه علم و صنعت ايران - دانشكده معماري و شهرسازي - گروه شهرسازي، تهران، ايران
كليدواژه :
توده , فضا , مسجد , كاشان , حياط مساجد
چكيده فارسي :
مساجد به عنوان مهم‌ترين نهاد ديني و يكي از شاخص‌ترين بناي عمومي شهر، نقش‌هاي متفاوتي دارند كه امروزه تعدادي از آن‌ها كمرنگ شده‌اند و بي‌ترديد كالبد مساجد يكي از عوامل تأثير‌گذار بر اين موضوع بوده‌است. توده و فضا به عنوان بخشي از كالبد، تأثير بسياري بر كيفيت فضايي بناي مسجد دارد و كاربست درست آن موجب ارتقاء كيفيت مكان مي‌شود. از اين رو اين پژوهش به منظور شناخت و تحليل نظام توده و فضا در مساجد شهر كاشان و مقايسۀ اين نظام، در مساجد قديمي و جديد انجام شده است. روش تحقيق در اين پژوهش پژوهش، توصيفي-تحليلي بوده و از روش‌هاي كتابخانه‌اي براي جمع آوري اطلاعات استفاده شده است. يافته‌هاي پژوهش حاكي از آن است كه متوسط درصد توده در مساجد جديد شهر نسبت به مساجد قديمي افزايش يافته است. در حالي كه متوسط درصد فضاي باز در مساجد جديد به كمتر از نصف مساجد قديمي تقليل پيدا مي كند، بيشتر از نصف مساجد جديد شهر فاقد فضاي باز هستند و به صورت كاملاً توده ساخته شده‌اند. همچنين الگوي حياط مركزي كه مناسب‌ترين الگو براي بناها و مساجد اقليم گرم و خشك است و مزاياي اجتماعي، رواني و اقتصادي بسياري دارد، در مساجد اين شهر مورد بي‌توجهي واقع شده و جاي خود را به الگوي كاملاً توده و حياط جنوبي داده است. نتايج نشان مي‌دهند، حياط مساجد در اين شهر مورد بي‌توجهي واقع شده و اين موضوع نيازمند بازنگري و تدوين استاندارد‌ها و كيفيت‌هايي براي طراحي و ساخت مساجد در اين شهر است.
چكيده لاتين :
Mosques have historically been the most important centers for the presence and gathering of the Muslims, and religious, social, economic and political programs have been planned and implemented in these centers. These roles have been played by mosques such as the Prophet's Mosque in Medina since the beginning of Islam, and in modern times, although some of the mosque's roles have been entrusted to other institutions, mosques are still considered the focal point for Islamic communities. The mosques, as the most important religious institution and one of the most prominent public buildings in the cities of Islamic societies, had important roles. However, some of these roles have been diminished. It seems that the changes in the patterns of architecture of mosques has been one of the factors influencing this issue. The relationship between the mass and space of the mosque, as a part of the architectural pattern, has a great impact on spatial quality. So a proper pattern of mass and space improves the quality of the place. Hence, this study tries to identify and analyze the mass and space pattern in mosques of Kashan and compare this system in old and new mosques. The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical, and library methods have been used for data collection. In fact, first, with library studies, the concepts of mosque, mass and space were explained, then according to the aerial image and map of Kashan, the structure of mass and space in the old and new mosques of the city has identified and then the collected information has been analyzed through descriptive statistics methods. Finally, a comparison has been made between the numerical and geometric pattern of mass and space in the old and new mosques of the city. It has been tried to answer the questions that "What is the geometric and numerical pattern of mass and space in mosques of Kashan city?" and "How does this system evolved in the new mosques of kashan city?". The findings indicate that the numerical pattern of mass and space in new and old mosques of Kashan has some differences. In fact, the average percentage of mass in the city's new mosques has increased compared to the old ones. While the average percentage of open spaces in new mosques is reduced to less than half of the old mosques, more than half of the city's new mosques lack open space and are completely mass-built. Also, the central courtyard pattern, which is the most suitable pattern for hot and dry climate buildings and mosques, have been neglected in the mosques of this city and have replaced by the southern courtyard pattern. Mass and space have a great impact on the quality of space and architectural sense and both are important and should be considered in the design of buildings equally, but nowadays more attention is paid to the mass in the construction of buildings. Mosques are not excluded from this, and while it is emphasized to allocate open spaces, they are often constructed as a completely mass pattern or with an emphasis on mass.
