پديد آورندگان :
مهاجر، الهه دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد شيراز - دانشكده هنر و معماري - گروه معماري، شيراز، ايران , عظمتي، حميدرضا دانشگاه تربيت دبير شهيد رجايي - دانشكده معماري و شهرسازي - گروه معماري، تهران، ايران , موحد، خسرو دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد شيراز - دانشكده هنر و معماري - گروه معماري، شيراز، ايران
كليدواژه :
فضاهاي مسكوني , مجتمع مسكوني , خودشكوفايي , توانايي‌هاي بالقوه
چكيده فارسي :
در دنياي معاصر باتوجه به بحران معناي بوجود آمده و از بين رفتن هويت فردي، اهميت توجه به رشد فردي و تلاش جهت خودشكوفايي بيش از پيش نمايان مي‌گردد. خودشكوفايي گرايش بنيادين هر انسان براي تحقق قابليت‌هاي بالقوه است، بطوريكه به بيشترين ادراك از خويش و يكپارچگي نيازهاي جسماني، اجتماعي، ذهني و عاطفي برسد. باتوجه به اهميت تاثيرات محيط مسكوني بر افراد، لازم است طراحي مسكن به گونه‌اي صورت‌پذيرد كه زمينه‌ساز شكوفايي افراد باشد، چراكه عدم توجه به خودشكوفايي سبب اختلال در رشد و تكامل‌فردي و در فضاي مسكن، سبب عدم شكل‌گيري ارتباط معنادار بين فرد و فضا خواهد شد. با توجه به ضرورت عنوان شده، پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارائه‌ي ابعاد طراحي مجتمع‌هاي مسكوني مبتني بر خودشكوفايي ساكنين براساس ديدگاه متخصصان نگارش‌شده و روش‌تحقيق پژوهش، آميخته (كمّي-كيفي) مي‌باشد. جامعه‌ي مورد مطالعه متخصصان رشته‌ي معماري بوده و نمونه‌گيري از طريق روش گلوله‌برفي انجام گرفته‌‌است. اين پژوهش با استفاده از روش پيمايش اكتشافي دلفي و باتوجه به نظريات اعضاي هيئت‌علمي دانشگاه‌ها، در دو مرحله صورت پذيرفته‌است؛ در مرحله‌ي اول پس از مصاحبه بازپاسخ با متخصصين، به وسيله‌ي تكنيك كدگذاري باز و محوري، جدول هدف-محتوا تشكيل شده و پرسشنامه‌ي محقق ساخت شكل‌گرفته‌است؛ پيمايش نيز در دو دور صورت پذيرفته و پرسشنامه‌ها توسط متخصصان تكميل شده‌است. داده‌ها به وسيله‌ي نرم‌افزار Spss-23 و با استفاده از تحليل‌عامل Q، آزمون همبستگي‌پيرسون و آزمون‌فريدمن تحليل شد. درنهايت تأثيرگذارترين عوامل بر خودشكوفايي از ديدگاه متخصصان مشخص شده‌است. نتايج اين پژوهش بيانگر آن است كه ابعاد روانشناختي-ذهني، تعاملي-اجتماعي و شناختي-معنايي از ديدگاه متخصصان موثرترين عوامل بر خودشكوفايي ساكنين مجتمع‌هاي مسكوني مي‌باشند.
چكيده لاتين :
In the contemporary world, due to crisis of meaning and loss of individual identity, the importance of paying attention to individual growth and attempt for self-actualization becomes more and more apparent. Self-actualization is a biological and psychological necessity and the fundamental tendency of every human being to realize his / her potential capabilities which is embedded in its existence from the beginning, so that reach the highest level of self-awareness and integration of physical, social, mental, and emotional needs. Housing is one of the most important and essential needs of every human and one of the strongest physical, psychological, emotional, and spiritual concepts in human life. Residential spaces are among the spaces that have the most use for human and human are constantly and interacting with them to the greatest extent. Therefore, due to the duration of presence and continuity of communication with the residential space, this space can be considered as having a great impact on people; thus Considering the importance of the effects of the residential environment on people, it is necessary to design housing in such a way as to clear the way for growth and prosperity of people, Because not paying attention to self-actualization will cause disruption in personal growth and development and in important space such as the housing, in addition to being harmful, it will prevent the formation of a meaningful relationship between the individual and space. So due to the mentioned necessity, the present study aims to provide the dimensions of design of residential complexes based on self-actualization of residents based on the perspective of experts, and the research method is mixed (quantitative-qualitative). The study population in this research is specialists in the field of architecture and urban planning and sampling has been done by snowball sampling method. This research is accepted using the Delphi exploratory survey method and according to the opinions of the members of the Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning of universities and in two stages; In the first stage, after the feedback interview with the experts, using the open and axial coding technique, the concepts are categorized and include: interactive environment, environmental attractiveness, security and comfort of the environment, Nurturing environment, discoverable environment, controllable environment. then goal-content table is formed and based on this, the researcher-made questionnaire is formed; The survey was conducted in two rounds and the questionnaires were completed by experts in the field of architecture and urban planning. The obtained data were then entered into Spss-23 software and analyzed using Q factor analysis, Pearson correlation test, and Friedman test, and finally, the most influential dimensions on the self-actualization process have been identified from the experts’ perspective. The results of this study indicate that according to the opinions of experts in the dimensions: "Cognitive-semantic, perceptual-experimental, psychological-mental, interactive-social, physical-somatic, functional-activity" in the design of residential complexes can affect the self-actualization of residents and in the meanwhile, psychological-mental, interactive-social and cognitive-semantic dimensions from the experts’ perspective are the most effective factors on self-actualization of residents of residential complexes.
