ﻣﺆﻟّﻔﻪﻫﺎي رﺋﺎﻟﯿﺴﻢ ﺑﻮﻣﯽ در داﺳﺘﺎنﻧﻮﯾﺴﯽ ﺟﻨﻮب ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﮥ ﻣﻮرد ﭘﮋوﻫﺎﻧﻪ: رﻣﺎن »اﻫﻞ ﻏﺮق« ﻣﻨﯿﺮو رواﻧﯽﭘﻮر

Components of Indigenous Realism in Southern Fiction (Case Study: Moniro Ravanipour's novel "Ahl-e Ghargh")

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه رﺋﺎﻟﯿﺴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎي واﻗﻊﮔﺮاﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ و ﻫﺪف از آن ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ دﻧﯿﺎي واﻗﻌﯽ، ﻋﯿﻨﯽ و ﺑﯿﺮوﻧﯽ و رواﯾﺖ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﭘﺪﯾﺪهﻫﺎ، ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺎه ﻋﻠّﺖ و ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻟﯽ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺑﺎزآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ دﻗﯿﻖ ﺟﺰﺋﯿﺎت زﻧﺪﮔﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﺧﺎص ﺑﺮاي اﺷﺎره ﺑﻪ ﺟﻨﺒﺶ ادﺑﯽ ﻗﺮن ﻧﻮزدﻫﻢ ﻓﺮاﻧﺴﻪ دﻻﻟﺖ دارد و در ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﻋﺎم ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﮑﯽ ادﺑﯽ اﻃﻼق ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺗﺎ اﻣﺮوز اﺳﺘﻤﺮار دارد و ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮاﯾﺶﻫﺎ و ﺟﺮﯾﺎنﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻔﮑﯿﮏ اﺳﺖ. ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺟﻠﻮهﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﺎﻟﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻣﮑﺘﺐ، »داﺳﺘﺎن اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ« اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً ﺳﻮﯾﻪ اي رﺋﺎﻟﯿﺴﺘﯽ دارد و ﮔﻮاه آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻤﺪهﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻮاد اوﻟﯿﻪ و ﺷﺎﻟﻮدة اﺻﻠﯽ در ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﯾﮏ اﺛﺮ ادﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﺳﺘﮕﺎه اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه ﺑﺎز ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد. »ﻣﻨﯿﺮو رواﻧﯽﭘﻮر« از آن دﺳﺖ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در رﻣﺎنﻫﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺴﺎﻣﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ از ﻣﺆﻟّﻔﻪﻫﺎي رﺋﺎﻟﯿﺴﺘﯽ ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﯾﻢ. او ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار در ﭘﯿﺸﺒﺮد ادﺑﯿﺎت اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ، اﻏﻠﺐ آﺛﺎر ﺧﻮد ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه رﻣﺎن »اﻫﻞ ﻏﺮق« را در ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺑﻮﻣﯽ، ذﯾﻞ ﻣﮑﺘﺐ رﺋﺎﻟﯿﺴﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺷﮕﺮد ﺟﺎدوﯾﯽ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮآن اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮدي ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ–ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ، ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﺑﺎزﺗﺎب ﻣﺆﻟّﻔﻪﻫﺎي رﺋﺎﻟﯿﺴﻢ ﺑﻮﻣﯽ در اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﺟﻨﻮب را در رﻣﺎن ﻣﺬﮐﻮر در دو ﺣﻮزة ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر) ﻓﺮم( و ﻣﺤﺘﻮا ﻣﻮرد ﮐﺎوش و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار دﻫﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ رواﯾﺖ واﻗﻊﮔﺮا ﻣﺘّﮑﯽ ﺑﺮ اﺻﻮل واﻗﻊﮔﺮاﯾﺎﻧﻪ، درآﻣﯿﺨﺘﻦ ﺗﺨﯿﻞ داﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ واﻗﻌﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﻋﯿﻨﯽ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺟﺎدوﯾﯽ، اﺳﻄﻮرهاي و ﻧﻤﺎدﯾﻦ، ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ دﻟﭙﺬﯾﺮي از رﺋﺎﻟﯿﺴﻢ ﺑﻮﻣﯽ و ﺟﻠﻮهﻫﺎي ﺷﮕﺮد رﺋﺎﻟﯿﺴﻢ ﺟﺎدوﯾﯽ در رﻣﺎن »اﻫﻞ ﻏﺮق« ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺷﺪه و رواﻧﯽﭘﻮر را در زﻣﺮة رﺋﺎﻟﯿﺴﺖﻫﺎي اﻗﻠﯿﻢﮔﺮا ﺟﺎي داده اﺳﺖ.

Realism means realism, its purpose is to show the real, objective and, to narrate and analyze phenomena, with a cause-and-effect view through the precise re-creation of the details of life in a specific sense to refer to the nineteenth-century French literary movement. It implies and in the general sense refers to a literary style that continues to this day and is separable into different tendencies. One of the aesthetic manifestations of this school is the "climatic story", which often has a realistic aspect and proves that the main raw materials and the main foundation in the construction and texture of a literary work go back to the climatic origin of the author. "Ravanipour" is one of those writers whose novels encounter a high frequency of realist components. As one of the influential figures in the development of climatic literature, he has presented most of his works, especially the novel "Ahl-e Ghargh", in a completely indigenous geography under the school of realism with a magic trick. This research aims to use a descriptive-analytical approach to explore and analyze how the components of indigenous realism in the southern climate are reflected in the novel in two areas of structure and content. Findings show that realistic narrative relies on realistic principles, combining fictional imagination with the objective realities of society and the use of magical, mythical and symbolic elements, in a pleasant combination of indigenous realism and manifestation. The tricks of magical realism have led to the novel "Ahl-e Ghargh" and has placed Ravanipour among the climatic realists.