نقد كهن‌الگويي سفر قهرمان در داستان "شازده كوچولو" بر اساس نظريۀ پيرسن

Archetypal Critique of the Hero's Journey in the Story of "Little Prince" Based On Pearson's Theory

ﺷﺎزده ﮐﻮﭼﻮﻟﻮ، اﺛﺮ آﻧﺘﻮان دو ﺳﻨﺖ اﮔﺰوﭘﺮي،ﮔﺰارﺷﯽ ﺗﻤﺜﯿﻠﯽ از ﺳﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ دﻧﯿﺎي درون اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮود اﺿﻄﺮاري ﻫﻮاﭘﯿﻤﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﺎﺑﺎﻧﯽ در آﻓﺮﯾﻘﺎ، آﻏﺎز ﻣﯽﺷﻮد و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮآن و ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ وﻃﻦ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﻣﯽ رﺳﺪ. دﯾﺪارﺧﻠﺒﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎزده ﮐﻮﭼﻮﻟﻮ، رﻣﺰي از دﯾﺪار ﺧﻮدآﮔﺎه ﺑﺎﭘﺪﯾﺪهﻫﺎي ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﻧﺎﺧﻮدآﮔﺎه اﺳﺖ.ﺧﺎﻧﻢ ﭘﯿﺮﺳﻦ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎرح ﻧﻈﺮﯾﮥ ﺗﮏ اﺳﻄﻮرة ژوزف ﮐﻤﭙﺒﻞ اﺳﺖ، اﻋﺘﻘﺎد دارد در ﻃﯽ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﮥ ﺗﺪارك، ﺳﻔﺮ و ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ ﻗﻬﺮﻣﺎن، دوازده ﮐﻬﻦاﻟﮕﻮ در روان او ﻓﻌﺎل ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس، ﻧﻘﺺ ﻣﻮﺗﻮر ﻫﻮاﭘﯿﻤﺎ ﺑﺎزﺗﺎب ﻣﺸﮑﻼت درون ﻗﻬﺮﻣﺎن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ او را ﻧﺎﮔﺰﯾﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮود در ﺑﯿﺎﺑﺎن ﻧﺎﺧﻮدآﮔﺎه و دﯾﺪار ﺑﺎ آﻧﯿﻤﺎي درون ﮐﻪ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺷﺎزدة ﮐﻮﭼﻮﻟﻮ ﻧﻤﺎدﯾﻦ ﺷﺪه، ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. روﺑﺎه ﮐﻪ ﻧﻤﺎدي از زﯾﺮﮐﯽﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ درون اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ او ﻧﮑﺎﺗﯽ در ﺑﺎرة ﻋﺸﻖ ﻣﯽآﻣﻮزد. در اﯾﻦ داﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎيِ ﺧﻮدآﮔﺎه، ﻧﺎﺧﻮدآﮔﺎه ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﯾﻪ دﯾﺪار ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ و ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ دﯾﺪار ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮدآﮔﺎه ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ. ﺳﺮاﻧﺠﺎم ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮﺷﯿﺪن ﻣﺸﺮوب ﺟﺎوداﻧﮕﯽ از ﭼﺎه ﻧﺎﺧﻮدآﮔﺎه، آﻧﯿﻤﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻧﯿﺶ ﻣﺎري زرد ﻣﯽﻣﯿﺮد و ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺧﻮدآﮔﺎه و ﻧﺎﺧﻮدآﮔﺎه ﺑﻪ وﺣﺪت ﻣﯽرﺳﻨﺪ.ﻧﺎﺧﻮدآﮔﺎه ﺑﻪ دﻧﯿﺎي ﺧﻮد ﺑﺎزﻣﯽﮔﺮدد و ﺧﻮدآﮔﺎه ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮ ﻫﻮاﭘﯿﻤﺎ ﮐﻪ رﻣﺰي از وﺟﻮد ﻣﺎدي ﻣﺎﺳﺖ، ﻗﺎدر ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﺻﺮف ﻧﻈﺮ از رﻋﺎﯾﺖ ﻧﺸﺪن ﺗﻮاﻟﯽ ﻇﻬﻮر ﮐﻬﻦاﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎ، در اﯾﻦ داﺳﺘﺎن ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﮐﻬﻦاﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي را ﮐﻪ ﭘﯿﺮﺳﻦ ﺷﺮح ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ، ﻣﯽﺗﻮان دﯾﺪ.

The Little Prince, a work by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, was an allegorical report of a journey into the inner world that begins with an emergency landing in a desert in Africa; it ended with its repair and return to the homeland. The pilot’s meeting with the little prince was a mystery of meeting the conscious with the phenomena of the unconscious world. Mrs. Pearson, who is the author of the single-legendary theory of Joseph Campbell, believes that during the three steps of preparation, journey and return of the hero, twelve heroes were activated in his soul. Accordingly, the defect of the aircraft engine reflected the problems inside the hero which inevitably led him to descend into the unconscious desert and to meet the animation inside which was symbolized by the little prince. The fox which was a symbol of the nature cleverness, gave him love tips. In this story, instead of the conscious, the unconscious met the shadow, and the results of this visit back to the conscious. Eventually, Anima died with yellow marijuana through drinking immortality liquor from the unconscious well and thus the conscious and unconscious became united. Unconscious returned to his world and conscious got able to repair the aircraft that was a mystery for our material existence. In this narrative, you can see all allegorists described by Pearson.