سه پرندۀ اهورايي( باز ، كبوتر، كلاغ) در شعر سهراب سپهري

Three Ahura birds (hawk, pigeon, crow) ، in Sohrab Sepehri's poetry

در ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻣﺮدم ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎن ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎن داراي ﻧﯿﺮوﻫﺎي ﻣﺎوراء اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯽ و ﺷﮕﻔﺖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﮔﺎه ﻧﻘﺸﯽ ﺳﻤﺒﻠﯿﮏ ﺑﻪ آﻧﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﻨﺪ؛ آﻧﺎن را ﻣﻮﺟﻮداﺗﯽ ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪ ، ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺣﺘﺮام و داراي ﺗﻘﺪس ﻣﯽ داﻧﻨﺪ و ﮔﺎه ﻧﯿﺮوﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺿﺪ دﯾﻮي ﺑﻪ آﻧﺎن ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﯽ دﻫﻨﺪ. در اﺳﺎﻃﯿﺮ، ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ و ﭘﺪﯾﺪه ﻫﺎي آﺳﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ و ﻫﯿﺌﺖ ﭘﺮﻧﺪه ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﻧﮕﺎه ﺳﻬﺮاب ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎن ﭼﻮن ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺧﻠﻘﺖ، ﻓﺮاﺳﻮﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ . او ﻧﯿﺰ ﭼﻮن ﻧﯿﺎﮐﺎن ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺧﻮﯾﺶ ﭘﺮﻧﺪه را ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ دﻫﻨﺪة زﻣﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ آﺳﻤﺎن و ﺗﺠﻠﯿﺎﺗﯽ از ﭘﺪﯾﺪه ﻫﺎي آﺳﻤﺎﻧﯽ) ﺻﺎﻋﻘﻪ، ﻃﻮﻓﺎن، ﺧﻮرﺷﯿﺪ(، آزادي، زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ،اﻟﻬﺎم ﻏﯿﺒﯽ و داراي ﻓﺮّة اﯾﺰدي ﻣﯽ داﻧﺪ. ﺳﻬﺮاب در ﭘﯽ ﺑﺮﻫﻢ زدن ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺑﺎورﻫﺎي ﻋﺎﻣﯿﺎﻧﻪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﻣﯿﺎن ﻣﺮدم ﻋﺼﺮﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﻬﺎدﯾﻨﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﺟﺴﺘﺎر درﯾﺎﻓﺘﯽ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ ﻣﯿﺎن ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺑﺎورﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ و اﻓﮑﺎر ﺷﺎﻋﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺤﺚ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ اﺳﺖ. از اﯾﻦ رو ﻧﮕﺎرﻧﺪه اﺑﺘﺪا ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻋﺘﻘﺎدات دﯾﺮﯾﻦ در زﻣﯿﻨﮥ ﺳﻪ ﭘﺮﻧﺪة ﺑﺎز ،ﮐﻼغ وﮐﺒﻮﺗﺮ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎزﺗﺎب آن اﻓﮑﺎر و ﺑﺎورﻫﺎ را در ﺷﻌﺮ ﺳﻬﺮاب ﻣﻮرد واﮐﺎوي ﻗﺮارداده اﺳﺖ. ﻧﮕﺎرﺷﮕﺮ اﯾﻦ ﺳﻄﻮر در ﭘﯽ آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ درﯾﺎﻓﺘﯽ ﻣﺸﺘﺮك ﻣﯿﺎن اﻋﺘﻘﺎدات ادﯾﺎن ﮐﻬﻦ و ﺷﻌﺮ ﺳﻬﺮاب دﺳﺖ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ.

In the culture of the ancient people, birds have supernatural and wonderful powers. Sometimes they are given a symbolic role and considered valuable, respected and sacred beings; and anti-demonic forces are attributed to them. In mythology, celestial elements and phenomena are described in the form of birds. Sohrab's view of birds, like other elements of creation, is transcendence. Like his ancient ancestors, he considers the bird to be the link between earth and sky and a manifestation of celestial phenomena (thunderbolt, storm, and sun), freedom, life, occult inspiration as well as a charisma. Sohrab seeks to disrupt some of the folk beliefs that have been institutionalized among the people of the present age. The purpose of this research is to make a comparative understanding between some of the ancient beliefs and the thoughts of the poet discussed in this subject. Therefore, the authors first analyze the ancient beliefs about the three birds include hawk, crows and pigeons; and then examine the reflection of those thoughts and beliefs in Sohrab's poetry. The author seeks to obtain a common understanding between the beliefs of ancient religions and poetry of Sohrab. It is concluded that Sohrab Sepehri has a special view on three birds of hawk, pigeons and especially crows. In this regard, he has paid attention to the rituals of Mithraism and Mazdiyasna.