جايگاه مكتب اروپايي رمانتيسم در شعر مهدي اخوان ثالث (با رويكرد باستان گرايانه به شعر معاصر فارسي)

The place of Romanticism School in the Poems of Mehdi Akhavan Sales

ﻣﮑﺘﺐ ﻫﺎي ادﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮازات ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﺮ ادﺑﯿﺎت اروﭘﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﮔﺬاﺷﺖ و ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪرﯾﺞ ﺑﺎ رﺷﺪ ﻋﻠﻮم و ﻓﻨﻮن ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻧﻘﺎط ﺟﻬﺎن ﺗﺴﺮي ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎن، رﻣﺎﻧﺘﯿﺴﻢ ﮐﻪ ﺷﻮرﺷﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺿﺪ اﯾﺪه آل ﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﮐﻼﺳﯿﺴﯿﺴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﯽ آﻣﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﯿﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﭼﻮن آزادي، ﻓﺮدﯾﺖ، ﮔﺮﯾﺰ ﯾﺎ ﺳﻔﺮ، ﮐﺸﻒ و ﺷﻬﻮد، اﻓﺴﻮن ﺳﺨﻦ و ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﭘﺬﯾﺮي از اﺣﺴﺎﺳﺎت و ﻋﻮاﻃﻒ ﻋﻤﯿﻖ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ در ﺷﮑﻞ ﺑﺪوي و دﺳﺖ ﻧﺨﻮرده آن ﻣﺒﺎدرت ورزﯾﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﮑﺘﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن اﻋﺰاﻣﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎرج، روﻧﻖ ﻧﻬﻀﺖ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ و ... ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻠﯽ ﺟﺪي در ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﻣﻄﺮح ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ و ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﺎﻋﺮان ﻧﻮﭘﺮدازي ﭼﻮن ﻣﻬﺪي اﺧﻮان ﺛﺎﻟﺚ و ... ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﮕﺎرﻧﺪه ي اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﻣﮑﺘﺐ رﻣﺎﻧﺘﯿﺴﻢ را در آﺛﺎر اﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﻋﺮ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ ي ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار دﻫﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺿﻤﻦ ﮐﺸﻒ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﭘﺬﯾﺮي وي از اﯾﻦ ﻣﮑﺘﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﯿﻮه ﺑﯿﺎن رواﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ ادﺑﯿﺎت ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﺮاﯾﺎﻧﻪ و ﮐﻼﻣﯽ ﻓﺎﺧﺮ، ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﯿﺮي از ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺳﺒﮏ ﺧﺮاﺳﺎﻧﯽ و ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ دادن آن ﺑﺎ زﺑﺎن ﻋﺎﻣﯿﺎﻧﻪ، ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺳﺎزي و ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ آﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ در ﮐﻨﺎر ﭘﺎﯾﺒﻨﺪي ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻌﺮ ﻧﯿﻤﺎﯾﯽ در ﺷﮑﻞ و ﻣﻮﺳﯿﻘﯽ، ﻏﻠﺒﻪ روﺣﯿﻪ ﯾﺄس و ﻧﺎاﻣﯿﺪي ﺑﺮ ﻓﻀﺎي ﺷﻌﺮ، ﺳﺘﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ و ﻣﻔﺎﺧﺮ اﯾﺮان ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎن، ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ ﮔﺮاﯾﯽ، ﺑﯿﺎن ﻫﯿﺠﺎﻧﺎت و اﺣﺴﺎﺳﺎت و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ اﺑﺮاز ﻧﻔﺮت و ﻧﻮﻣﯿﺪي ﺷﺪﯾﺪ از ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ ﺷﻌﺮ اﺧﻮان ﺑﭙﺮدازد..

Literary schools influenced European literature in parallel with political and social developments and gradually spread to other parts of the world with the growth of new sciences and technologies. Meanwhile, Romanticism was considered as a rebellion against the idealism of classicism and described the untouched nature relying on components such as freedom, individuality, escape or travel, discovery and intuition, the magic of speech, and the influence of deep human feelings and emotions. This school was seriously introduced in contemporary Persian literature with the return of expatriate students, the prosperity of the translation movement, etc., and was used by modern poets such as Mehdi Akhavan Sales. The author of this research intends to consider the main features of the Akhavan poetry with using a descriptive-analytical method to examine the place of the school of Romanticism in the works of this prominent contemporary poet, to discover how much he is affected by it and to examine the method of narrative expression while emphasizing on archaic and theological literature; use of the Khorasani style elements connecting to the vernacular; composition and creation of new images along with adhering to the characteristics of Nimai poetry in form and music; overcoming of the spirit of despair and hopelessness in the atmosphere of poetry; praising of the manifestations and glories of ancient Iran, naturalism, expressing emotions and feelings and finally expression of extreme hatred and despair of the existing conditions.