تاثير حمله اعراب بر نثر فارسي تا قرن پنجم هجري

Influence of Arab invasions on the Persian language prose until 5th AH century

ﺣﻤﻠﻪ اﻋﺮاب ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮزﻣﯿﻦ اﯾﺮان ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺣﻮادﺛﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﮐﺸﻮر ﮐﻬﻦ زاد اﯾﺮان زﻣﯿﻦ رخ داده اﺳﺖ. اﻋﺮاب در زﻣﺎن ﺧﻠﯿﻔﻪ دوم ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮزﻣﯿﻦ اﯾﺮان ﻫﺠﻮم آوردﻧﺪ و ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﯾﻦ ﺳﺮزﻣﯿﻦ را ﻓﺘﺢ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﺣﻤﻠﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺧﻮنﺑﺎرﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺣﻤﻼﺗﯽ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﮐﺸﻮر اﯾﺮان آن را ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﮐﺮده ﺑﻮدو اﯾﺮاﻧﯿﺎن ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺷﮑﺴﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﻋﺮاب از ﺳﯿﺎدت و ﺳﺮوري ﺑﻪ اﺳﺎرت و ﺑﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﻨﯽ اﻣﯿﻪ اﻓﺘﺎدﻧﺪوﮔﺮﻓﺘﺎرﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﺗﺒﻌﯿﺾ ﻧﮋادي آﻧﺎن ﮔﺮدﯾﺪﻧﺪ. ﺣﻤﻠﻪ اﻋﺮاب ﺑﻪﺳﺮزﻣﯿﻦ اﯾﺮان ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻬﻤﯽ ﺑﺮوﺿﻌﯿﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ اﯾﺮان ﺑﺮ ﺟﺎي ﮔﺬاﺷﺖ و اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻤﻮاره ﻣﻠﺖ ﻣﻐﻠﻮب ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ و آداب و رﺳﻮم ﻣﻠﺖ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮد و ﺣﻤﻠﻪ اﻋﺮاب ﻧﯿﺰ ﺟﺪاي از در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ وﯾﮋﮔﯿﻬﺎي دﯾﻨﯽ و آﯾﯿﻨﯽ اﺳﻼم، ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﺷﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﺮاي اﯾﺮان در ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ، ﺑﻮﯾﮋه ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﻧﮋادي ﺑﻨﯽ اﻣﯿﻪ ﮐﻪ اﯾﺮاﻧﯿﺎن راﻣﻮاﻟﯽ ﻣﯽﺧﻮاﻧﺪﻧﺪو در ﻫﯿﭻ ﯾﮏ از ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ رﺳﻤﯽ ﺟﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮاي اﯾﺮاﻧﯿﺎن ﻧﺒﻮد. ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎن دراﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ درﯾﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪﮐﻪ ﺗﺎ ﻗﺮن ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﻫﺠﺮي اﯾﺮاﻧﯿﺎن ﻫﻨﻮز ﺑﻪ ﻓﮑﺮ اﺣﯿﺎءﺷﮑﻮه و ﻋﻈﻤﺖ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺧﻮﯾﺶ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪو آﻧﺎن در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﻋﺮاب ﺳﺨﺖ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻣﯽ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ و آﺛﺎرادﺑﯽ اﯾﻦ دوره ﺑﻮﯾﮋه ﺗﺎ ﻗﺮن ﭘﻨﺠﻢ از زﺑﺎن ﻋﺮﺑﯽ و ﻟﻐﺎت آن ﻣﺘﺎﺛﺮ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ و اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ ﯾﮏ ﻧﻮع ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ و زﺑﺎن ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎرﻣﯽ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ.

Arab invasions of Iran is one of most vital and critical events which had been occurred in the ancient Iran. Arabs invaded to Iran during second caliph era and they conquested the different regions of this area. This invasion was one of the bloodiest attacks which Iran had experienced it and Iranian had lost their supremacy and headership and had enslaved by the Bani Umayyah after having defeated against the Arabs and they had been suffered by their racial discrimination policy. Arab invasions of Iran had significantly influenced on the social, economic and cultural status of Iran and it is normal that defeated poor nation is always affected upon the culture and traditions of predominated nation and the Arab invasion apart from taking into account the religious and ritual characteristics of Islam, had tragic and bad consequences for Iran, especially the racial policy of the Bani Umayyah which called the Iranian as Mawali and there was no place for Iranian in any formal positions.Authors in the current paper found that until 5th AH century, Iranian still thought to revive their previous majestic and glorious era and they hardly resisted against the Arabs and literary works of this era especially until 5th century did not affect by the Arabic language and its words and this has been served as a type of resistance against the Arabic culture and language.