تقابل ها درشاهنامه بارويكرد نظريۀ لويي استروس(بهمن،اردشيربابكان،بهرام گور،انوشيروان، يزدگرد)

Confrontations in the Shahnameh Baroikord theory of Louis Strauss (Bahman, Ardeshir Babakan, Bahram Gur, Anoushirvan, Yazdgerd)

در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ،ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞﻫﺎ در ﭘﻨﺞ داﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ از ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ )ﺑﻬﻤﻦ،اردﺷﯿﺮ ﺑﺎﺑﮑﺎن،ﺑﻬﺮام ﮔﻮر،اﻧﻮﺷﯿﺮوان،ﯾﺰدﮔﺮدﺳﻮم(ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي روﯾﮑﺮد ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻮﯾﯽ اﺳﺘﺮوس ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪاﯾﻢ.روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي و ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻨﺪ ﭘﮋوﻫﯽ و ﻧﻮع آن، ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ وﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ اﺳﺖ.ﺑﺮآن ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﭘﺮﺳﺸﯽ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﮔﻮﯾﯿﻢ؛ﻣﻘﻮﻟﮥ ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ در ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻤﻮد ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﯾﺎ ﻧﻪ؟ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ در داﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ در ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ و ﭘﺮرﻧﮓ اﺳﺖ.ﻧﻮع ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞﻫﺎ در اﯾﻦ داﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﺑﻮدن آﻧﻬﺎ، ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً از ﻧﻮع ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖﻫﺎي اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ و اﻧﮕﯿﺰهﻫﺎي ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﯿﺎن ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖﻫﺎ،ﻧﯿﺰ اﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﻮاردي ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﺟﻨﮓ ﻗﺪرت، ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺸﻮرﮔﺸﺎﯾﯽ، ﺗﻼش ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮﭘﺎﯾﯽ ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ و ﻣﺒﺎرزه ﺑﺎ ﻇﻠﻢ، اﻧﺘﻘﺎمﺟﻮﯾﯽ، ﻣﺒﺎرزه ﺑﺎ اﻧﯿﺮاﻧﯽ و ﻧﮋادﻫﺎي دﯾﮕﺮ و ﻣﻮاردي از اﯾﻦ ﻗﺒﯿﻞ اﺳﺖ. ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞﻫﺎي دﯾﮕﺮي ﻧﯿﺰ ﻏﯿﺮ از ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﯿﺎن ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖﻫﺎي اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ در اﯾﻦ داﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎ دﯾﺪه ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ از ﻣﯿﺎن آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﯾﺪﺋﻮﻟﻮژيﻫﺎ، ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ و ﻇﻠﻢ، ﻓﻀﺎﯾﻞ و رذاﯾﻞ اﺧﻼﻗﯽ، ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ روزﮔﺎر و ﻓﻠﮏ ﺑﺎ اﻧﺴﺎن، ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﻧﺴﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ، ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺻﻔﺎت اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﺟﻨﮕﺎوري و ﺷﺠﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺿﻌﻒ و ﻧﺎﺗﻮاﻧﯽ، ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻧﮋادي و ﻗﻮﻣﯽ و ﻣﻮاردي از اﯾﻦ ﻗﺒﯿﻞ اﺷﺎره ﮐﺮد. در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع، ﺑﺎ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ داﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ، از ﻧﻮع داﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، اﻣﺎ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي روﯾﮑﺮد و ﻧﻈﺮﯾﮥ ﻟﻮي اﺳﺘﺮوس در آﻧﻬﺎ دﯾﺪه ﻣﯽﺷﻮد و اﻧﮕﯿﺰة اﯾﻦ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖﻫﺎ از ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ، ﺻﺮﻓﺎً، اﻧﮕﯿﺰهﻫﺎي ذﮐﺮ ﺷﺪه در ﮐﺘﺐ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ،ﻧﯿﺴﺖ ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ،آرﻣﺎنﻫﺎ و اﻫﺪاف و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﯿﭗ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺘﯽ و ﺧﺼﺎﯾﻞ رواﻧﯽ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ در اﯾﻦ ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞﻫﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.

In this article, we have investigated the confrontations in five selected stories from the historical part of the Shahnameh (Bahman, Ardeshir Babakan, Bahram Gur, Anoushirvan, Yazdgerd Som) based on Louis Strauss' confrontation approach. The research method is library based and based on document research and its type. It is comparative and analytical. We intend to answer the question: has the category of confrontation appeared in the historical part of the Shahnameh or not? The investigation of confrontation in the stories under review shows that in the historical part of the Shahnameh, the element of confrontation is very prominent and bold. The type of confrontations in these stories, due to their historical nature, is mainly the type of confrontation between human characters, and the motivations of the confrontation between the characters are often cases such as power struggles. , the desire to conquer the country, trying to establish justice and fighting against oppression, revenge, fighting against Anirani and other races, and things like that.Other confrontations besides the confrontation between human characters can be seen in these stories, among which one can see the confrontation of ideologies, justice and injustice, moral virtues and vices, the confrontation of time and the sky with man, the confrontation of man with nature, the confrontation of human qualities such as fighting and Courage with weakness and incapacity, racial and ethnic conflict and such things mentioned. In general, although the selected stories are historical stories, the components of Lévi-Strauss's approach and theory can be seen in them, and the motivation of these characters is not merely the motivations mentioned in the historical books, but ideals and goals as well as the type of confrontation. Their personality and psychological traits have also had a direct impact on these confrontations .