مقايسه انسان كامل از ديدگاه امام خميني و شاه نعمت‌ الله ولي

Comparing the Perfect Man in Imam Khomeini’s and Shāh Ni’matullāh-e-Vali’s Viewpoint

در تعاليم ديني ما شناخت انسان از خود، پر فايده ­ترين شناخت­ ها تلقي مي­ شود.اين است كه انسان‌شناسي يكي از مهم‌ترين دانش‌هاي الهي و بشري كه در حوزه معارف بشري و ديني تأثير به­ سزايي دارد ،از اهميت خاصي برخوردار است.انسان‌ شناسي داراي انواع فلسفي، ديني، علمي، عرفاني و اخلاقي است . انسان‌ شناسي عرفاني كسب شناخت درمورد حقيقت انسان از طريق تجربه‌هاي دروني است كه در آن از راه شهود و علم حضوري به مطالعه و بحث و بررسي در مورد انسان پرداخته ­مي‌شود. انسان كامل از مباحث مهم انسان‌ شناسي است كه مورد توجه عرفا و انديشمندان بزرگ اسلامي و بعضاً غير اسلامي قرار گرفته است و منظور از آن، انساني است كه جامع اسماء و صفات خداوند است. اين مقاله به ­روش توصيفي تحليلي از منابع كتابخانه ­اي و اسنادي ، بررسي تطبيقي آراء امام خميني و شاه نعمت­ الله ولي در مورد انسان كامل را به كاوش نشسته­ است و قصد دارد مولفه­ هاي مختلف انسان كامل از ديدگاه امام خميني و شاه نعمت ­الله ولي، مقايسه و بررسي ­شود . يافته ­ها حاكي از آن است كه اين دو انديشمند با استفاده از آيات قرآن، روايات و تحليل هاي عرفاني معتقدند كه تمام كمالات هنگامي كه از خداوند به عالم هستي افاضه ­مي­ شوند، لزوماً از طريق واسطه­ هايي صورت مي­ گيرد كه داراي مرتبه وجودي برتري نسبت به سايرين هستند.

Having always been asked of human beings, the three main questions are the question of God, human, and existence. In the meantime, taking care of human beings, and being aware of them is very important. To the extent that the call to know the man as a complex creature has been one of the main teachings of many philosophical, mystical, and religious schools. In our religious teachings, human cognition is considered to be the most useful cognition. Anthropology is one of the most important divine and human sciences that has a great impact in the field of human and religious education and is significant. Anthropology has philosophical, religious, scientific, mystical, and moral types. Mystical anthropology is the acquisition of knowledge about human truth through inner experiences in which human beings are studied and discussed through intuition and face-to-face knowledge. This type of anthropology introduces the perfect man and also discusses how a man achieves perfection and uses a mystical path to discover knowledge about man and his position and status in the system of existence. The history of anthropology from the point of view of heavenly laws such as Islam dates back to the beginning of human creation. From the very beginning of creation, man has been tasked with knowing his truth, his capacities, his abilities, and his happiness and perfection. The reason for all this attention to human knowledge is that according to Islam, man has been chosen as the caliph and successor of God on earth.