واكاوي مناسبات موانع مشاركت سياسي زنان و قوانين موضوعه در نظام جمهوري اسلامي ايران

Analyzing the barriers to women's political participation and relevant laws In the system of the Islamic Republic of Iran

ﺣﻘﻮق ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ زﻧﺎن و ﻧﺤﻮه ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺘﺸﺎن در ﺣﻮزه ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ در اﯾﺮان ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ، ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎرﭼﻮبﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺷﺪه از دﯾﻦ، ﺳﻨﺖ، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ و ﻋﺮف ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ، ﻫﻤﻮاره از ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﭼﺎﻟﺶﺑﺮاﻧﮕﯿﺰ اﺳﺖ. از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﺳﺆال اﺻﻠﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻧﺎﻇﺮ ﺑﺮ ﭼﺮاﯾﯽ ﮐﺎﺳﺘﯽﻫﺎ و ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﺟﻤﻬﻮري اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾﺮان ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻀﻮر زﻧﺎن در اﻣﻮر ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﺑﯿﺎن ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﭽﻪ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ و ﺣﻀﻮر زﻧﺎن در ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ از ﻋﺼﺮ ﻣﺸﺮوﻃﻪ ﺗﺎﮐﻨﻮن، ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﺣﻘﻮق ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ زﻧﺎن در ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﺟﻤﻬﻮري اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾﺮان، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﺣﻀﻮر زﻧﺎن در ﻗﻮاي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ اﯾﺮان )ﺑﻪﺗﻔﮑﯿﮏ ﻧﻬﺎدهاي اﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر( و ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺘﺎً اراﺋﻪ راﻫﮑﺎري ﻋﻤﻠﯽ ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ در ﺣﻮزه ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻧﻈﺮي ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ دﯾﺪﮔﺎهﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒِ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ زﻧﺎن در اﻣﻮر ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﻣﻄﺮح و ﻧﻘﺪ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ اﺳﺖ؛ ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎر ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﻧﻮنِ اﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﺟﻤﻬﻮري اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾﺮان، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎ و ﮐﺎﺳﺘﯽﻫﺎي آن در ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﻧﻈﺮي و ﻋﻤﻠﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﯿﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮانِ ﺑﺎﻻي ﭼﺎرﭼﻮبﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﯽ ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اوﺿﺎع ﻋﺼﺮ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ زﻣﯿﻨﻪﻫﺎ و راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﯽ و ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي رﻓﻊ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻬﻢ در ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖورزي و ﻗﺎﻧﻮنﮔﺬاري ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد.

Women's political rights and how they participate in the public sphere in contemporary Iran are always challenging, given the frameworks derived from the religion, tradition, culture and custom that govern society. From this perspective, the explanation of the main question of this article is due to the lack and capacity of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran for the presence of women in politics. The structure of the research is based on telling the history of women's participation and presence in the public arena from the constitutional era until now, the position of women's political rights in the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, women's performance and presence in the public forces of Iran (by the country's basic institutions). Also in the field of theoretical framework, in addition to the subject laws, some views opposing women's participation in public affairs have been raised and criticized. In this process, the research method is descriptive-analytical; The purpose of this article, in addition to recognizing the capacities of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, is to examine the challenges and shortcomings in the theoretical and practical field. Also, in this regard, relying on the high power of the epistemological frameworks of Islamic laws and considering the conditions of the present era, practical and appropriate contexts and solutions to address this issue in the field of politics and legislation are examined.